Keywords Flashcards

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1
Q

Precipitation

A

Moisture in any form

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2
Q

Interception

A

Temporary storage, as water is captured by plants, buildings and hard surfaces before reaching the soil

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3
Q

Vegetation Storage

A

Any moisture taken up by vegetation and held within plants

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4
Q

Surface Storage

A

Any surface water in lakes, ponds, puddles

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5
Q

Soil Moisture

A

Water held within the soil

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6
Q

Groundwater storage

A

Water held within permeable rocks

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7
Q

Channel Storage

A

Water held in rivers and streams

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8
Q

Infiltration

A

Water entering the topsoil. Most common during slow or steady rainfall

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9
Q

Throughflow

A

Water seeping laterally through soil below the surface, but above the water table

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10
Q

Percolation

A

The downward seepage of water through rocks under gravity

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11
Q

Stem Flow

A

Water flowing down plant stems or drainpipes

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12
Q

Base flow

A

Also known as groundwater flow. Slow moving water that seeps into river channel

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13
Q

Channel flow

A

Volume of water flowing within a river channel

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14
Q

Surface runoff

A

Flow over the surface during an intense storm or when the ground is frozen, impermeable or saturated

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15
Q

Evaporation

A

The conversion of water to vapour

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16
Q

Transpiration

A

Water taken up by plants and transpired into the leaf surface

17
Q

Evapotranspiration

A

The combined effect of evaporation and transpiration

18
Q

River discharge

A

The volume of water passing a certain point in the channel over a certain amount of time

19
Q

Hydrological system

A

Hydrologic System is the entire cycle of water movement. A closed system

20
Q

Drainage basin

A

It is a sub system within the hydrological system. It is an area drained by a river and it’s tributaries

21
Q

Cryosphere

A

the frozen water part of the Earth system.

22
Q

Fossil Water

A

Water that has remained in an aquifer for a long timespan, usually thousands or millions of years. Inaccessible.

23
Q

Watershed

A

Outline around drainage basin

24
Q

Water Table

A

level below the surface of the ground where water can be found.

25
Q

Aquifer

A

Area of rock underneath the surface of the earth which absorbs and holds water.

26
Q

Flux

A

Movement of water

27
Q

Water Surplus

A

Precipitation is greater than Evapotranspiration

28
Q

Soil moisture utilisation

A

Soil moisture starts to be used up by plants

29
Q

Soil moisture deficiency/deficit

A

Evapotranspiration is greater than precipitation and any previously available moisture has been used.

30
Q

Soil moisture recharge

A

Recharge occurs when water is replaced after a dried period

31
Q

Field capacity

A

Maximum amount of water soil can hold

32
Q

Drought

A

Shortfall or deficiency of water if an extended period of time.

33
Q

What is meteorological drought?

A

Weather!

Shortfalls in precipitation which increases the duration of dry period.
Lack of rainfall is joined by high temp, high winds, strong sun, and low humidity. This increases evaporation.

34
Q

What is hydrological drought?

A

Water systems

Reduced stream flow and groundwater levels because of reduced inputs of precipitation and high rates of evaporation.

35
Q

What is agricultural drought

A

Farming

Accelerated farming practices such as overgrazing.
Rainfall deficiency leads to deficiency in soil moisture and soil availability which effects plant growth. This results in poor crop yields.

36
Q

What is famine drought

A

Lack of food

Widespread failure of agricultural system, food shortages develop into famine.
Natural variability in the climate can cause a temporary decline in supply and stores are not replenished.