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A2 Biology Edexcel (SNAB) > Keywords > Flashcards

Keywords Flashcards

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1
Q

Organic

A

A compound that contains carbon

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2
Q

Inorganic

A

A compound which does not contain carbon

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3
Q

Co-enzyme

A

Non-protein molecules which help enzymes to function by transferring other molecules around.

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4
Q

Phosphorylation

A

Adding a phosphate

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5
Q

Photophosphorylation

A

Using light energy to add a phosphate

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6
Q

Photolysis

A

Using light energy to split a molecule

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7
Q

Ecosystem

A

All the organisms in a particular area and all the non-living (abiotic) factors.

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8
Q

Population

A

All the organisms of a single species in a habitat

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9
Q

Community

A

All the organisms of all the different species in a particular habitat

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10
Q

Habitat

A

The place where an organism lives

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11
Q

Niche

A

The role of a species in an ecosystem and its abiotic and biotic interactions.

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12
Q

Trophic Level

A

Each stage of the food chain

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13
Q

Abundance

A

The number of individuals of one species in a particular area.

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14
Q

Distribution

A

Where a species is within a particular area

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15
Q

Abiotic Factors

A

The non-living feature of an ecosystem e.g temperature

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16
Q

Biotic Factors

A

The living features of the ecosystem e.g predators.

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17
Q

Gross Primary Productivity

A

The total amount of energy made by producers.

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18
Q

Succession

A

A Sequence of changes in a community/species in a given place over a period of time.

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19
Q

Climax community

A

The final stage of succession where the community is self-sustaining and stable.

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20
Q

Climatic Climax

A

Climax community for a particular climate.

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21
Q

Plagioclimax/Deflected succession

A

Succession of climax community is stopped artificially.

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22
Q

Species

A

Organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring

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23
Q

Gene Pool

A

All the alleles present in a population

24
Q

Allele Frequency

A

How common an allele is in a population

25
Q

Evolution

A

A change in allele frequency over time

26
Q

Differential Reproductive Success

A

organisms with a phenotype better adapted to their environment have a selective advantage and are more likely to survive and reproduce (vice versa)

27
Q

Speciation

A

Process of forming a new species

28
Q

Intraspecific Variation

A

Individuals of the same species have the same genes but different alleles which causes variation in their phenotype.

29
Q

Interspecific Variation

A

Individuals of different species have different genes an live in different environments which causes variation in phenotype.

30
Q

Continuous Variation

A

Variation is smooth and continuous it is not discrete and is represented on a line graph.

31
Q

Discontinuous Variation

A

Individuals fall into discrete groups with no intermediates and is represented on a bar chart. The variation is controlled by a single gene with few alleles.

32
Q

Anthropogenic

A

Caused by humans

33
Q

Climate change

A

Change to long term climate patterns

34
Q

Global warming

A

The increase in the Earth’s mean temperature.

35
Q

Temperature Coefficient (Q10)

A

Measures the amount of change to a biological reaction caused by increasing the temperature by 10 degrees.

36
Q

Species Frequency

A

How often a species is found in each square of a quadrant

37
Q

Gene Mutation

A

Change to the base sequence of DNA during replication

38
Q

Diploid

A

An organism with a pair of homologous chromosomes, it has two alleles of each gene

39
Q

Gene

A

A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein

40
Q

Allele

A

Different version of a gene

41
Q

Genotype

A

The combination of alleles an organism has

42
Q

Phenotype

A

The characteristics displayed by an organism

43
Q

Dominant allele

A

An allele that is always expressed in the phenotype

44
Q

Recessive allele

A

An allele that will only be expressed when it is homozygous

45
Q

Incomplete dominance

A

When the trait from the dominant allele isn’t completely shown over the trait produced by the recessive allele.

46
Q

Homozygote

A

An organism that carries two copies of the same allele for a certain characteristic

47
Q

Heterozygote

A

An organism that carries two different alleles for a certain characteristic

48
Q

Sex linkage

A

the expression of alleles located on the sex chromosomes depends on the sex of the individual

49
Q

Autosome

A

All the non-sex chromosomes

50
Q

Stem Cell

A

cells that are capable of dividing to differentiate into different types of cells. Can divide for all of the organisms life time.

51
Q

Totipotent

A

Stem cell can differentiate into any type of specialised cells. Found in very early embryo and can form placental cells.

52
Q

Pluripotent

A

Stem cells can differentiate into many types of specialised cells, but cannot form placental cells.

53
Q

Biodiversity

A

the variety of organisms in an area

54
Q

Species Richness

A

The number of different species in a habitat at one time

55
Q

Endemic Species

A

A species that only live in one geographical area

56
Q

Heterozygosity Index

A

number of heterozygotes/number of individuals in the population

A2 Biology Edexcel (SNAB) (1 decks)

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