Keywords

Question 1

Sedimentary

Answer 1

Rock that has formed through the deposition and solidification of sediment. Sedimentary rocks are often deposited in layers

Question 2

Igneous

Answer 2

Rocks formed by the cooling and solidifying of molten materials. Igneous rocks can form beneath the Earth’s surface, or at its surface, as lava.

Question 3

Metamorphic

Answer 3

Rock that was once one form of rock but has changed to another under the influence of heat, pressure, or some other agent without passing through a liquid phase.

Question 4

Discordant Caostlines

Answer 4

A discordant coastline occurs where bands of different rock type run perpendicular to the coast.

Question 5

Concordant Coastline

Answer 5

A concordant coastline occurs where beds, or layers, of differing rock types are folded into ridges that run parallel to the coast.

Question 6

Erosion

Answer 6

The process of eroding or being eroded by wind, water, or other natural agents.

Question 7

Hydraulic Action

Answer 7

Hydraulic action is erosion that occurs when the motion of water against a rock surface produces pressure in cracks.

Question 8

Abrasion

Answer 8

Abrasion is the mechanical scraping of a rock surface by friction between rocks and moving particles during their transport.

Question 9

Attrition

Answer 9

The regular impacts between the grains themselves and between the grains and the bed cause them to be broken up into smaller fragments.

Question 10

Solution

Answer 10

Solution is where acids contained in sea water will dissolve some types of rock such as chalk or limestone.

Question 11

Wave Cut Platform

Answer 11

Rock pools (or ‘tide pools’) are rocky pools by the sea. They are in the intertidal zone. They are filled with seawater during high tide, and exist as separate pools at low tide.

Question 12

Hard Rock

Answer 12

Hard rocks are resistant to weathering & erosion so a coastline made of granite will change slowly.

Question 13

Soft Rock

Answer 13

Soft rocks are more susceptible to weathering & erosion so a coastline made of chalk will change relatively quickly.

Question 14

Wave Cut Notch

Answer 14

A wave-cut notch is formed when sea waves undercut the base of a cliff. As the force of the waves continually weaken the base, the overhanging rock or the area above the notch eventually caves in.

Question 15

Stack

Answer 15

A stack or sea stack is a geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast, formed by wave erosion.

Question 16

Stump

Answer 16

A stump is where erosion has further damaged a stack and caused parts to fall off.

Question 17

Cove

Answer 17

A cove is a small type of bay or coastal inlet. Coves usually have narrow, restricted entrances, are often circular or oval, and are often situated within a larger bay. They are formed at concordant coastlines.

Question 18

Fetch

Answer 18

The fetch, also called the fetch length, is the length of water over which a given wind has blown.

Question 19

Prevailing Wind

Answer 19

a wind from the direction that is predominant or most usual at a particular place or season.

Question 20

Constructive Waves

Answer 20

They are created in calm weather and are less powerful than destructive waves. They break on the shore and deposit material, building up beaches. They have a swash that is stronger than the backwash. They have a long wavelength, and are low in height.

Question 21

Destructive Waves

Answer 21

Destructive waves are created in storm conditions. They are created from big, strong waves when the wind is powerful and has been blowing for a long time. They occur when wave energy is high and the wave has travelled over a long fetch. They tend to erode the coast. They have a stronger backwash than swash.
They have a short wave length and are high and steep.

Question 22

Slumping

Answer 22

Clay cliffs are impermeable rock which soaks up water to become saturated. When this happens the clay becomes unstable and begins to slump.

Question 23

Spit

Answer 23

A spit or sandspit is a deposition bar or beach landform found off coasts or lake shores. It develops in places where re-entrance occurs, such as at a cove’s headlands, by the process of longshore drift by longshore currents.

Question 24

Hard Engineering

Answer 24

Building physical structures to deal with natural hazards, such as sea walls to stop waves.

Question 25

Soft Engineeing

Answer 25

Involves adapting to natural hazards and working with nature to limit damage.