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ISA > Keywords > Flashcards

Keywords Flashcards

1
Q

Define an anomalous result

A

A measurement that is well away from the pattern of results, not to be judged as part of the results

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2
Q

When do you use bar charts

A

When the independent variable is categoric

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3
Q

What is data

A

A collection of measurements

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4
Q

How is directly proportional data represented

A

A graph will show this as a straight line through the origin

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5
Q

What is an error

A

These can cause readings to be different from the true value

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6
Q

What is a random error caused by

A

Human error or faulty technique when taking the measurements

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7
Q

How do we compensate for random errors

A

By taking a large number of measurements and taking an average

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8
Q

When does a systematic error occur

A

When measuring equipment is not properly calibrated

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9
Q

What is a zero error

A

When equipment isn’t properly calibrated so it never shows true zero

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10
Q

What is evidence

A

This comprises of validated data. It can also be used to measure the importance to data

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11
Q

What is a fair test

A

A fair test has only one independent variable which can affect the dependent variable. All other variables are kept constant

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12
Q

What is a hypothesis

A

A proposal intended to explain certain facts or evidence

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13
Q

What are interval measurements

A

The value of the independent variable between readings of the desired range

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14
Q

When is a line of best fit used

A

To show underlying relationships between the independent and dependent variables.

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15
Q

When is a line graph used

A

When the independent and dependent variables are both continuous

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16
Q

How do you find the mean

A

Add up all the measurements and divide by number of measurements taken (exclude anomalous results)

17
Q

How is precision shown when taking the mean

A

There is very little spread between the values

18
Q

What is a prediction

A

A statement suggesting what will happen based on observation, experience or evidence

19
Q

What is the range

A

The maximum and minimum values

20
Q

How is reliability shown

A

Constantly the same

21
Q

What is repeatability

A

When the original experiment is repeated and produces the same result

22
Q

What is reproducibility

A

The results of an investigation are more reliable if the results can be repeated by someone else

23
Q

What is resolution

A

The smallest change in the quantity being changed that gives a perceptible change in the reading

24
Q

What is a sketch graph

A

A line graph that shows the general shape of the relationship between two variables. It may not show points or scales

25
Q

What is the true value

A

An accurate value which would be found if the quantity could be measured without any errors

26
Q

What is uncertainty

A

The interval within which the true value can be expected

27
Q

What does validity mean

A

Data is only valid for use in coming to a conclusion if the measurements taken are effected by the single independent variable only. Data is not valid if the test is not fair or there is observer bias

28
Q

What is a valid conclusion

A

A conclusion supported by valid data obtained from an experiment based on sound reasoning

29
Q

What is a categoric variable

A

A variable which has values described by labels. When you plot your results like this you must use either a bar chart or a pie chart.

30
Q

What is a continuous variable

A

A variable which can have any numerical value. When you present the result in an investigation like this you should use a line graph

31
Q

What is a control variable

A

A variable which may affect the outcome of the investigation. This means that these variables must be kept constant

32
Q

What is the dependent variable

A

The variable which is the value you measure for each change in the independent variable

33
Q

What is the independent variable

A

The variable for which values are changed or selected to see what change the difference makes

34
Q

What is discrete

A

A type of categoric variable who’s values are restricted by whole numbers

35
Q

What is ordered

A

A type of categoric variable that can be ranked

36
Q

Define an accurate measurement

A

An accurate measurement is one which is close to the true value

ISA (3 decks)

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