Keywords Flashcards
State of matter
Solid, liquid, gas. (plasma)
Diffusion
Movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
Particle theory
A theory that describes the arrangements and movement of particles in solids, liquids and gases.
Atom
Smallest particle of matter.
Compound.
A substance made of multiple elements.
Group
A vertical column on the periodic table.
Elements in the same group have similar properties.
Period
Horizontal rows on periodic table.
Property
Characteristics of the substance.
E.g appearance, conductor, malleable.
Element
A substance that is made up of only one type of atom.
E.g carbon, H2 gas, iron.
Compound #2
Contains more than 1 type of atom chemically joined together in a fixed ratio. The properties of a compound are different to the properties of an element.
E.g NaCl
Mixture
Contains a mixture of elements and/or compounds in any ratio. The properties of the separate elements are retained
E.g salt water, air
Thermal decomposition.
When a substance is broken down into simpler substances using heat.
Limewater
The test for carbon dioxide. Bubble the gas (CO2) through it & it will turn cloudy.
Electrolysis.
The decomposition of a compound into simpler substances by electricity.
Anode
The positive electrode
Cathode
The negative electrode
Electrolyte
The solution containing ions to be electrolysed
Ions
A charged particle
What is a proton.
A protons is a positively charged particle in the nucleus with a mass of “1”
What is a neutron.
A particle found in the nucleus of the atom with a mass of “1” and no charge.
What is an electron.
Very small negatively charged particles found in the nucleus in a shell.
What is a nucleus.
The centre of the atom that contains protons and neutrons.
Electronic arrangement
The electrons are arranged I’m shells or energy levels. They can hold 2 or 8 electrons.
Atomic mass
The number of protons and the numbers of neutrons in the nucleus.
Atomic number
The number of protons (same as number of electrons)
Isotope
An element with the same number of protons BUT a different number of neutrons (therefore a different atomic mass
Combustion
Combustion occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen releasing energy mainly in the form of heat and light.
Combustion is an oxidation reaction. The substance burnt gains oxygen and gets heavier.
Corrosion
The formation of a compound on the surface of a metal.
Rusting
Corrosion of iron or steel.
Rust
Hydrated iron oxide.
Sacrificial protection
When a metal more reactive than iron is bolted onto steel structures and corrodes instead of the steel.
Galvanising
Protecting the iron by dipping it into molten zinc.
Oxidation
When a substance gains oxygen e.g iron going rusty
Reduction
When a substance loses oxygen.
Neutralisation
The reaction of an acid with a base or alkali or carbonate.
Acid
Substance (solution) which has a pH below 7.
E.g nitric acid
Base
Substance or solution that will neutralise an acid and has a pH above 7. E.g copper oxide (base), potassium hydroxide.
Alkali
Soluble base- it is a base that dissolves in water.
E.g sodium hydroxide.
Salt
A neutral substance containing a metal and non-metal part.
E.g sodium chloride.
Acid + Alkali –>
Salt + Water
Acid + Base –>
Salt + Water
Acid + Metal –>
Salt + Hydrogen
Acid + Carbonate –>
Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Hydrochloride acid (formula)
HCL
Sulphuric acid
H2SO4
Nitric acid
HNO3
What is one way of making an acid more acidic?
Doubling the amount of Hydrogen.
Name a metal which would not react with an acid to produce hydrogen.
Copper
