Keywords Flashcards
State of matter
Solid, Liquid or Gas
What is Diffusion?
Movement of particles from a region if high concentration to a region of low concentration
Particle Theory
Theory that describes the arrangement and movement of particles in solids, liquids and gases.
Atom
Smallest particle of matter
Group
Vertical column in the periodic table.
Elements in a group have similar properties.
Period
Horizontal row in a periodic table
Property
Characteristics of a substance ( what do they look like/do?)
E.g. Shiny, malleable, conducts electricity
Element
Something that only has 1 type of atom
Compound
Something with more than one atom chemically joined together. It has a fixed ratio.
Mixture
A mixture of elements a compounds in any ratio.
Thermal Decomposition
The breaking down of a substance into simpler substances using heat
Limewater
Is the test for carbon dioxide. If it’s present it will turn cloudy
Electrolysis
The decomposition of a compound into simpler substances by electricity.
Anode
The positive electrode
Cathode
The negative electrode
Electrolyte
The solution containing ions to be electrolysed
Ion
A charged particle
Isotope
An element with the same number of protons BUT a different number of neutrons
Electron Arrangement
The electrons are arranged in ‘shells’ or energy levels
Atomic Mass
= number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
Atomic Number
Number of protons
Proton
Positively charged particle in the nucleus with a mass of 1
Electrons
Very small negatively charged particles found in the nucleus in shells
Neutrons
Particle found in the nucleus of the atom with a mass of 1 and no charge
Combustion
Combustion occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen releasing energy mainly in the form of light and heat
Combustion is an oxidation reaction.
The substance burnt gains oxygen and gets heavier.
Corrosion
The process by which a metal reacts with oxygen in the air to form a metal oxide on the surface.
Rusting
Corrosion of iron or steel
Rust
Iron Oxide
Sacrificial Protection
Adding a more reactive metal to iron and corrodes instead of the iron.
Galvanising
Coating iron in zinc
Oxidation
When a substance gains oxygen
Reduction
When a substance loses oxygen
Fuel
A substance which reacts rapidly with oxygen, giving out heat
Neutralisation
When an acid reacts with a base
Base
Substance or solution that will neutralise an acid
Independent Variable
Variable you choose to change (x axis)
Dependent Variable
Variable you measure (y axis)
Control Variable
Variables that remain unchanged
Dilute
A solution with lots of dissolved chemical per litre
Rate
The speed of a reaction (change in concentration over time)
Concentrated
A solution with less dissolved chemical per litre
Precise
Using equipment with a smaller scale
Accurate
Close to the true value
