Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry > Keywords 2 > Flashcards

Keywords 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

Addition-elimination reaction

A

Occurs when two molecules join together, followed by the loss of a small molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Adsorption

A

Process that occurs when reactants form weak bonds with a solid catalyst.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Amphoteric

A

A substance that can act as both an acid and a base.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Amphoteric behaviour

A

The ability of a species to react with both acids and bases.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Analyser

A

A material that allows plane-polarised light to pass through it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Aromatic

A

The bonding in a compound with delocalised electrons forming pi bonding in a hydrocarbon ring.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Asymmetric

A

A carbon atom in a molecule that is joined to four different atoms or groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Autocatalysis

A

Occurs when the reaction product acts as a catalyst for the reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Basicity

A

The extent to which a base can donate a lone pair of electrons to a hydrogen atom of a water molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bidentate ligand

A

One that forms two dative bonds with a metal ion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bimolecular

A

A mechanism that has two species reacting in a rate-determining step.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Buffer solution

A

A solution that minimises change in pH when a small amount of acid or base is added.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chemical environments of carbon atoms in molecules

A

Related to whether the carbon atoms are identical or differently positioned in a molecule.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chemical shift of a proton or group of protons

A

The number (ppm) that indicates its behaviour in a magnetic field relative to tetramethylsilane. Can be used to identify the chemical environment of the carbon atoms or of the hydrogen atoms (protons) attached to it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Chiral

A

An atom in a molecule that allows it to exist in non-superimposable forms. Can also refer to the molecule itself.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Complex

A

Species containing a metal ion joined to ligands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Condensation polymerisation

A

The formation of a polymer usually by the reaction of two different monomers and in which a small molecule is also formed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Conjugate acid of the base

A

When a base accepts a proton, this species is formed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Conjugate base of the acid

A

When an acid donates a proton, this species is formed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Conjugate acid-base pair

A

Consists of either a base and its conjugate acid or an acid and it’s conjugate base.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Coordination number

A

The number of dative bonds in a complex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Derivatives

A

Compounds formed from other compounds, especially when the properties of the derivative can be used to identify to original compound.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Desorption

A

Process that occurs when products leave the surface of a solid catalyst.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

Range of all wavelengths and frequencies of all the types of radiation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Electromotive force (emf)

A

The standard electrode potential of a half-cell connected to a standard hydrogen electrode. Measured under standard conditions: 298K, 100kPa and 1 mol dm-3.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Enantiomers

A

Isomers that are related as object and mirror image.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Enthalpy change of hydration

A

The enthalpy change when one mole of an ion in its gaseous state is completely hydrated by water.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Enthalpy change of solution

A

The enthalpy change when one mole of an ionic solid dissolves in water to form an infinitely dilute solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Entropy

A

A property of matter that is associated with the degree of disorder, or degree of randomness, of the particles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Equivalent protons

A

Hydrogen atoms in the same chemical environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Half-life of a reaction.

A

The time taken for the concentration of a reactant to fall to half its original value.

32
Q

Halogen carrier

A

A catalyst that helps introduce a halogen atom into the benzene ring.

33
Q

Hazard

A

Property of a substance that could cause harm to the user.

34
Q

High resolution mass spectrometry

A

Type of mass spectrometry that can produce Mr values with several decimal places, usually four or more.

35
Q

Homogeneous catalyst

A

One that is in the same phase as the reactants.

36
Q

Hydrolysis

A

The breaking of a compound by water into two compounds.

37
Q

Instantaneous reaction rate

A

The gradient of a tangent drawn to the line of the graph of the concentration against time. The instantaneous rate varies as the reaction proceeds (except for a zero-order reaction).

38
Q

Integration trace

A

Shows the relative numbers of equivalent protons (i.e. in the same chemical environment).

39
Q

Isoelectric point of an amino acid

A

The pH of an aqueous solution in which it is neutral.

40
Q

Kw

A

[H+(aq)][OH-(aq)]

41
Q

Ligand

A

Species that uses a lone pair of electrons to form a dative bond with the metal ion.

42
Q

Mobile phase

A

The liquid that moves through the stationary phase and transports the components.

43
Q

Monodentate ligand

A

One that forms one dative bond with a metal ion.

44
Q

Multidentate ligand

A

One that forms several dative bonds with a metal ion.

45
Q

Multiplets

A

The different splitting patterns observed (singlets, doublets, triplets or quartets).

46
Q

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

A

Technique used to find the structures of organic compounds. It depends on the ability of nuclei to resonate in a magnetic field.

47
Q

Nucleophilic addition

A

Type of mechanism in which a molecule containing two atoms or groups is added across a polar double bond (usually C=O), and the attacking species in the first step is a nucleophile.

48
Q

Optical activity

A

Shown by a substance, if it rotates a plane of plane-polarised light.

49
Q

Order of a reactant species

A

The power to which the concentration of the species is raised in the rate equation.

50
Q

Overall order

A

The sum of all the individual orders.

51
Q

Partial pressure of a gas in a mixture of gases

A

The pressure that a gas would exert, if it alone occupied the volume of the mixture.

52
Q

Peak in a 1H NMR spectrum

A

Shows the presence of hydrogen atoms (protons) in a specific chemical environment.

53
Q

Peptide bond

A

The bond formed by a condensation reaction between the carbonyl group of one amino acid and the amine group of another amino acid.

54
Q

pH of an aqueous solution

A

The reciprocal of the logarithm to the base 10 of the hydrogen ion concentration measured in moles per cubic decimetre. pH = -lg [H+].

55
Q

pKa =

A

-lg Ka

56
Q

Plane-polarised light

A

Monochromatic light that has oscillations only in one plane.

57
Q

Polarimeter

A

The apparatus used to measure the angle of rotation caused by a substance.

58
Q

Polariser

A

A material that converts unpolarised light into plane-polarised light.

59
Q

Base

A

Proton acceptor

60
Q

Acid

A

Proton donor

61
Q

Racemic mixture

A

Equimolar mixture of two enantiomers that has no optical activity.

62
Q

Rate-determining step

A

The slowest step in the mechanism for a reaction.

63
Q

Rate equation

A

An equation expressing the mathematical relationship between the rate of reaction and the concentration of reactants.

64
Q

Overall rate equation

A

The change in the concentration of a species divided by the time it takes for the change to occur. All reaction rates are positive.

65
Q

Risk

A

Possible effect that a substance may cause to a user, and this depends on factors such as concentration and apparatus. Control measures control the level of risk.

66
Q

Six-fold coordination

A

Complexes in which there are six ligands forming coordinate bonds with the transition metal ion.

67
Q

Splitting pattern

A

The appearance of a peak as a small number of small sub-peaks very close to each other.

68
Q

Spontaneous process

A

Takes place without continuous intervention.

69
Q

Square planar

A

A shape that contains a central atom or ion surrounded by 4 atoms or ligands in the same plane with bond angles of 90 degrees.

70
Q

Standard enthalpy change of atomisation

A

The enthalpy change measured at a stated temperature, usually 298K, and 100kPa, when one mole of gaseous atoms is formed from an element in its standard state.

71
Q

Stationary phase in paper chromatography

A

The liquid or solid that does not move.

72
Q

Transition metal

A

An element that forms one or mole stable ions with incompletely filled d-orbitals.

73
Q

Unimolecular

A

A mechanism in which one species is reacting in the rate-determine step.

74
Q

Unpolarised light

A

Oscillations in all planes at right angles to the direction of travel.

75
Q

Zwitterion

A

A molecule containing positive and negative charges, but with no overall charge.

Chemistry (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions