Keywords

Question 1

Key factors leading to these emerging variations of English

Answer 1

Migration

E.g. Bradford Asian English, MLE

Question 2

What’s the article called for language being picked up at young age in school

Answer 2

‘Hybrid Dialect Dubbed ‘Multicultural London English’ sweeps across the country’

Answer 3

What’s code switching

When speakers alternate first and second language, English and usually Punjabi

Question 4

What’s the quote in the independent article of a 13 yr old suggesting ethnicity isn’t a major factor

Answer 4

“Everyone is my school speaks like this… it’s because you hear the cool kids saying these words and then you have to do it too”

• Due to Covert prestige + converging to seem cool

Question 5

Essentialist view

Answer 5

Assumes ethnicity isn’t something inherited from our parents, and so its incapable of changing - permanent element of our identity

Question 6

Constructionist view Assumes ethnicity

Answer 6

Something we take on based on our surroundings and experiences, so we construct our ethnicity through our behaviour, or linguistics etc

Question 7

Study to prove essentialist view Assumes ethnicity

Answer 7

Hewitt’s white talk, black talk study

Hewitts research showed there were two varieties of English spoken in London which stemmed from immigration: a creole and MLE

White speakers were criticised by creole speakers for using linguistic features from creole, as creole wasn’t something white speakers inherited from

= Shows essentialist view of ethnicity as they must have been born with it

Question 8

What’s a creole

Answer 8

A language constructed from the languages of two different cultures.

The development of a Creole often takes place after a pidgin, which is a simple tongue composed of words from either parent tongue

Question 9

MLE

Answer 9

A sociolect that emerged in late 20th century, rooted from the Caribbean dialects

Associated with black youth in south London

A youth variety, not ethnic variety, as it’s a sociolect that’s spread among ethnicities

Question 10

Features of MLE

Answer 10

Th fronting

‘Man’ being used as a pronoun

Question 11

Findings from daily male article ‘Why re so many middle class children speaking Jamaican Patois’

Answer 11

• Technology, media exposure, geographical mobility cause people to change their accent
• MLE and MYE aren’t just fads
• Social stigma attached Jafaican, which damages chances to on employment to those who use it

Also discuss the implications of the title - are middle class children above Jamaican patois?

Question 12

MYE

Answer 12

Multicultural youth English

Question 13

How do dominant groups in society seek to win the consent of subordinate groups in society

Answer 13

Hegemony - through enforcing standardisation