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French Revolution > Keywords > Flashcards

Keywords Flashcards

1
Q

Philosophes

A

The name given to the enlightenment philosophers

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2
Q

Constitutional monarchy

A

The rulers power is limited by the constitution (rules that the country is governed)

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3
Q

Coup d’etat

A

Illegal seizure of power, often violent

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4
Q

Parlement

A

High court of law which registered royal decrees

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5
Q

Royal session

A

When the king attended parlement

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6
Q

Legislative power

A

The right to make laws

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7
Q

Dauphin

A

The title given to the heir to the french throne

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8
Q

Factions

A

Political groups that competed with each other for advantage

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9
Q

Pensions

A

Regular sums of money granted by the king as a sign of favour

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10
Q

Sinecures

A

Incomes attached to offices that were either honorary or required little input from the recipient

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11
Q

Gratuities

A

Free gifts

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12
Q

Patronage

A

The provision of appointments to offices and the granting of priveledges

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13
Q

Despot

A

A ruler who ignores or abuses the law, behaving in arbitrary fashion

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14
Q

Provinces

A

Regions roughly equivalent to counties, each with its own traditions and institutions

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15
Q

Pays d’etat

A

Six regions where representative assemblies had retained the right to negotiate on the raising of taxes with the royal intendents

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16
Q

Remonstrance

A

A document sent by a parlement to the monarch protesting against a royal decree or details of that decree

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17
Q

Lit de justice

A

A royal session of the Paris parlement for the compulsory registration of royal edicts (bed of justice)

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18
Q

Direct taxes

A

Taxes taken directly from individuals, often according to wealth or possessions, in contrast indirect taxes are taxes on goods or services

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19
Q

Unearned income

A

Earnings from rents or investments

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20
Q

Dogma

A

Belief or principle that has been asserted as true without question

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21
Q

Salons

A

Gatherings of educated people at the home of a host, wealthy nobles

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22
Q

Don gratuit

A

A ‘voluntary gift’ paid by the church every five years, amounting to approximately 2 percent of church’s total revenue; the church had won the right to offer this in lieu of direct taxation

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23
Q

Royal domain

A

The lands and rights that belonged directly to the king

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24
Q

Livre

A

French currency , 40 livres = £3

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25
Q

Balance of payments

A

Difference between the income and expenditure of a country

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26
Q

Controller-general

A

Short for the French contrôleur général des finances- minister in charge of finances 1661-1791

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27
Q

Caisses

A

Where government funds were held

28
Q

Veniality

A

When people can buy their titles to be part of the nobility/second estate. Usually bourgeoisie or wealthy third estate

29
Q

Divine right

A

Idea that the king is chosen by God and only follows god

30
Q

Lettre de cache

A

The king is able to arrest anyone without a trial - but has to be careful not to be deemed a despot

31
Q

Tithe

A

Tax payed to the church had

32
Q

Pluralism

A

Occurred in the church - when they had more than one job and therefore not doing either correctly

33
Q

Sans-culottes

A

Urban workers in third estate, shop keepers, artisans

34
Q

Seigneurs

A

Third estate ‘landlords’

35
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

Wealthy merchants of third estate, still had limited power

36
Q

Corveee Royale

A

Mandatory labour on roads

37
Q

Hobyreux

A

‘Old bird’. Frans of the nobility. Had second estate privelidges but little land and money

38
Q

Prévôtés

A

The lowest hierarchy or royal courts for laws

39
Q

Bailliage

A

Highest hierarchy or royal courts. 430 in total

40
Q

Taille

A

Largest tax - property and income tax of third estate.
Divided into taille personnelle (property, revenue,personal tax) and taille réelle (land and household)

41
Q

Noblesse d’epee

A

Nobles of the sword, earned through military

42
Q

Noblesse de court

A

Worked in Versailles, had to be close to the king. Advisors and ambassadors to the king

43
Q

Noblesse de robe

A

Bought position through venality, wealthy

44
Q

Lettre de justice

A

Kings ability to bypass government and pass any law

45
Q

Generalities

A

France split up in 1700s 33-36 with different rules. The parliaments over lap these (13 of them). Makes the system very complicated

46
Q

Counseil d’etat

A

Council of state, sorted major issues of state and foreign affairs

47
Q

Counseil des depeches

A

Despatches, received official reports from generalities and dealt with church issues

48
Q

Counseil Royal des finances

A

State finances, leader is controller generale

49
Q

Intendants

A

King appointed one in each generalities. In charge of finance, law and order, taxes, troops. Overworked and overlapped with role of provinical govenors

50
Q

Deists

A

People who accept god’s existence

51
Q

Mercantilism

A

Strict state regulation of economy e.g tax

52
Q

Laissez-faire

A

A system of government, removing restrictions, public with more responsibility

53
Q

Freemasonary

A

Intelligent members, group, sworn brotherhood

54
Q

Capitation

A

Poll tax. Payable by everyone but the clergy who paid don gratuit

55
Q

Vingtième

A

Income tax. 5 percent of earnings from land, property, offices etc. clergy except because of pays d’etats

56
Q

Gabelle

A

Salt tax, collected by ferme generale

57
Q

Tobac

A

Tobacco tax, collected by ferme generale

58
Q

Aides

A

Consumption tax on consumer goods (liquor, oil, textiles etc) collected by regie generale

59
Q

Domaine

A

Taxes on royale domain, collected by regie generale, overseen by chamber des comptes

60
Q

Traite

A

Customs duty. Regie generale

61
Q

Timbre

A

Stamp tax, regie generale

62
Q

Octrois

A

Local customs duties on goods brought into towns

63
Q

Mercenaries

A

Professional soldiers from any country who will fight for payment - Louis used them as couldn’t trust french people

64
Q

Estates-general

A

An assembly which could be called by the king as a last resort to discuss major issues.
Contained all three estates, hadn’t held since 1614

65
Q

Fleur de lis

A

A symbol for the royal coat of arms, cubs logo

66
Q

Madame deficit

A

Marie Antoinette nickname because she spent so much money

French Revolution (3 decks)

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