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Keywords Flashcards

1
Q

Philosophes

A

The name given to the enlightenment philosophers

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2
Q

Constitutional monarchy

A

The rulers power is limited by the constitution (rules that the country is governed)

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3
Q

Coup d’etat

A

Illegal seizure of power, often violent

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4
Q

Parlement

A

High court of law which registered royal decrees

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5
Q

Royal session

A

When the king attended parlement

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6
Q

Legislative power

A

The right to make laws

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7
Q

Dauphin

A

The title given to the heir to the french throne

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8
Q

Factions

A

Political groups that competed with each other for advantage

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9
Q

Pensions

A

Regular sums of money granted by the king as a sign of favour

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10
Q

Sinecures

A

Incomes attached to offices that were either honorary or required little input from the recipient

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11
Q

Gratuities

A

Free gifts

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12
Q

Patronage

A

The provision of appointments to offices and the granting of priveledges

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13
Q

Despot

A

A ruler who ignores or abuses the law, behaving in arbitrary fashion

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14
Q

Provinces

A

Regions roughly equivalent to counties, each with its own traditions and institutions

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15
Q

Pays d’etat

A

Six regions where representative assemblies had retained the right to negotiate on the raising of taxes with the royal intendents

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16
Q

Remonstrance

A

A document sent by a parlement to the monarch protesting against a royal decree or details of that decree

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17
Q

Lit de justice

A

A royal session of the Paris parlement for the compulsory registration of royal edicts (bed of justice)

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18
Q

Direct taxes

A

Taxes taken directly from individuals, often according to wealth or possessions, in contrast indirect taxes are taxes on goods or services

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19
Q

Unearned income

A

Earnings from rents or investments

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20
Q

Dogma

A

Belief or principle that has been asserted as true without question

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21
Q

Salons

A

Gatherings of educated people at the home of a host, wealthy nobles

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22
Q

Don gratuit

A

A ‘voluntary gift’ paid by the church every five years, amounting to approximately 2 percent of church’s total revenue; the church had won the right to offer this in lieu of direct taxation

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23
Q

Royal domain

A

The lands and rights that belonged directly to the king

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24
Q

Livre

A

French currency , 40 livres = £3

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25
Balance of payments
Difference between the income and expenditure of a country
26
Controller-general
Short for the French contrôleur général des finances- minister in charge of finances 1661-1791
27
Caisses
Where government funds were held
28
Veniality
When people can buy their titles to be part of the nobility/second estate. Usually bourgeoisie or wealthy third estate
29
Divine right
Idea that the king is chosen by God and only follows god
30
Lettre de cache
The king is able to arrest anyone without a trial - but has to be careful not to be deemed a despot
31
Tithe
Tax payed to the church had
32
Pluralism
Occurred in the church - when they had more than one job and therefore not doing either correctly
33
Sans-culottes
Urban workers in third estate, shop keepers, artisans
34
Seigneurs
Third estate ‘landlords’
35
Bourgeoisie
Wealthy merchants of third estate, still had limited power
36
Corveee Royale
Mandatory labour on roads
37
Hobyreux
‘Old bird’. Frans of the nobility. Had second estate privelidges but little land and money
38
Prévôtés
The lowest hierarchy or royal courts for laws
39
Bailliage
Highest hierarchy or royal courts. 430 in total
40
Taille
Largest tax - property and income tax of third estate. Divided into taille personnelle (property, revenue,personal tax) and taille réelle (land and household)
41
Noblesse d’epee
Nobles of the sword, earned through military
42
Noblesse de court
Worked in Versailles, had to be close to the king. Advisors and ambassadors to the king
43
Noblesse de robe
Bought position through venality, wealthy
44
Lettre de justice
Kings ability to bypass government and pass any law
45
Generalities
France split up in 1700s 33-36 with different rules. The parliaments over lap these (13 of them). Makes the system very complicated
46
Counseil d’etat
Council of state, sorted major issues of state and foreign affairs
47
Counseil des depeches
Despatches, received official reports from generalities and dealt with church issues
48
Counseil Royal des finances
State finances, leader is controller generale
49
Intendants
King appointed one in each generalities. In charge of finance, law and order, taxes, troops. Overworked and overlapped with role of provinical govenors
50
Deists
People who accept god’s existence
51
Mercantilism
Strict state regulation of economy e.g tax
52
Laissez-faire
A system of government, removing restrictions, public with more responsibility
53
Freemasonary
Intelligent members, group, sworn brotherhood
54
Capitation
Poll tax. Payable by everyone but the clergy who paid don gratuit
55
Vingtième
Income tax. 5 percent of earnings from land, property, offices etc. clergy except because of pays d’etats
56
Gabelle
Salt tax, collected by ferme generale
57
Tobac
Tobacco tax, collected by ferme generale
58
Aides
Consumption tax on consumer goods (liquor, oil, textiles etc) collected by regie generale
59
Domaine
Taxes on royale domain, collected by regie generale, overseen by chamber des comptes
60
Traite
Customs duty. Regie generale
61
Timbre
Stamp tax, regie generale
62
Octrois
Local customs duties on goods brought into towns
63
Mercenaries
Professional soldiers from any country who will fight for payment - Louis used them as couldn’t trust french people
64
Estates-general
An assembly which could be called by the king as a last resort to discuss major issues. Contained all three estates, hadn’t held since 1614
65
Fleur de lis
A symbol for the royal coat of arms, cubs logo
66
Madame deficit
Marie Antoinette nickname because she spent so much money

French Revolution (3 decks)

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