Keywords Flashcards
Internal validity
The extent to which the outcome of the study is the direct result of the manipulated independent variable
Construct Validity
The extent to which a test measures what it intends to measure
Predictive validity
The extent to which results from a study can predict future behaviour
Researcher bias
a researcher’s expectations or beliefs which may encourage certain behaviours in participants
Extraneous variables
any variable other than the independent variable that might potentially affect the dependent variable and thereby confuse. The results
Order effects
in an experiment with a repeated measures design a participant may be better on the second test because of getting better with experience or may perform less well because of being bored or tired
Demand characteristics
cues in a research situation that communicate to participants what is expected of them and may then unconsciously affect a participant’s behaviour
Social desirability bias
A tendency for respondents to answer questions in such a way so as to present themselves in a ‘better light’
Observer effects
where people change their behaviour because they are watches
External Validity
the extent the results can be generalised beyond the study
Ecological validity
whether the result can be generalised to the real world
population validity
Can the results be applied from the sample to other people
