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Child Development > Keys Words > Flashcards

Keys Words Flashcards

1
Q

Use by date

A

The date manufacturers recommend that a food must be eaten by

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2
Q

Hind milk

A

The second, richer milk produced during a breast feed which gives longer-term satisfaction

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3
Q

Deficiency

A

A lack of something causing a negative effect

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4
Q

Food additives

A

Natural or chemically made substances added to foods

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5
Q

Small-for-dates

A

A baby born full term but lighter than average

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6
Q

Antibodies

A

The defensive system in the body

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7
Q

‘Five a day’

A

The recommended number of fruit and veg portions to be eaten each day

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8
Q

SIDS

A

(Sudden infant death syndrome) when a baby dies suddenly for no apparent reason

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9
Q

Anaemia

A

Not enough red blood cells, common if iron is lacking in the diet

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10
Q

Post natal depression

A

A new mother’s severe feelings of not being able to cope, even when she is coping fine

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11
Q

Vernix caseos

A

A creamy substance that protects the skin in the womb

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12
Q

Confinement

A

The time a woman gives birth

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13
Q

Forceps

A

A tool like BBQ tongs that hold and helps pull the baby through the vagina

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14
Q

Pre-term

A

A baby born before 37 weeks gestation

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15
Q

Ventouse extaction

A

Delivering a baby using suction

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16
Q

Root

A

An instinctive search for the breast

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17
Q

Childminder

A

Someone who takes children into their own home to look after them. They are registered and often have relevant qualifications

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18
Q

Verbal

A

Spoken

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19
Q

Joining in play

A

The fourth stage of play where very simple signs of cooperation and playing together are seen

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20
Q

Solitary play

A

The first stage of play in which children play alone

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21
Q

Emotions

A

Feelings

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22
Q

Re-constituted/Step family

A

Adults in a new partnership bringing children with them

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23
Q

Stereotyping

A

Making a generalization about a person rather than seeing them as an individual

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24
Q

Full-term

A

A baby born at around 40 weeks

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25
Q

Lactose

A

A milk-sugar in cow’s milk that is not easily digested in some babies

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26
Q

Fine motor skills

A

Skills which involve using hands, fingers and small muscles

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27
Q

Allergens

A

Natural substances that can cause allergies

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28
Q

Nuclear family

A

Parents and their children live together but away form any other family members

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29
Q

Child provision

A

Daycare for children so that a parent can work

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30
Q

Extended family

A

Different generations of family live together or near by

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31
Q

Single-parent family

A

One parent looks after the child/ren alone

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32
Q

Shared-care family

A

Both parents share in the decisions made about a child

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33
Q

Multi-cultural

A

A mix of different cultures

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34
Q

Ethnic minority

A

A group of people with common features such as race, religion, culture, types of food and language

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35
Q

Lifestyle

A

The way we live, what we do, our freedom and commitments

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36
Q

Pre-conceptual care

A

Preparations made by a woman before conceiving

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37
Q

Feet to foot

A

Laying a baby to sleep with the feet touching the bottom of the cot to stop the wiggling down under the covers and suffocating

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38
Q

Layette

A

Clothing and bedding needed to a new baby

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39
Q

Accident

A

An unexpected incident that causes damage or injury

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40
Q

Risk assessment

A

A check of the possible dangers in the environment and resources

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41
Q

Accident prevention

A

Taking precautions to avoid accidents

e.g. using safety equipment such as stair gates and window catches

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42
Q

Convulsion

A

Violent shaking or spasm

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43
Q

Puberty

A

When a boy or girl matures sexually into a man or a woman

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44
Q

Menstruation

A

A regular flow of blood from the vagina as the lining or the uterus breaks down

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45
Q

Ovum

A

Medical term for a woman’s egg

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46
Q

Hormone

A

A chemical released into the blood stream that has a specific effect on a certain area of the body
e.g. Oestrogen and progesterone are key to sexual development and reproduction

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47
Q

Conception

A

When a man’s sperm has fertilized a woman’s egg

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48
Q

Fertilization

A

The process of the sperm entering the ovum

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49
Q

Contraceptive

A

A means to prevent a woman getting pregnant

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50
Q

Safe sex

A

Having sexual intercourse while both preventing pregnancy and keeping safe from sexually transmitted infections

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51
Q

Salmonella

A

A bacteria that causes food poisoning. It is sometimes found in raw eggs and chickens

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52
Q

Listeria

A

A bacteria, sometimes found in soft cheeses and raw fish, which can cause miscarriage

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53
Q

Toxoplamosis

A

An infection caused bu a micro-organism found in animal faeces

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54
Q

Infertility

A

Being unable to conceive a child

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55
Q

Fertility treatment

A

Ways of overcoming infertility

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56
Q

Surrogate mother

A

A woman who bears a baby on behalf of another woman

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57
Q

Dominant gene

A

Only need one for the gene to be present

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58
Q

Recessive gene

A

You need two for it to be present

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59
Q

Genetic counsellor

A

A person who explains genetic risks to couples before they decide to have a baby

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60
Q

Informed decision

A

Knowing all the possible outcomes of the decision you will make

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61
Q

Antenatal

A

Care given to mother and baby before birth

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62
Q

EDD

A

Estimated delivery date

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63
Q

Ectopic pregnancy

A

Implantation occurs in the fallopian tubes instead of the wall of the uterus

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64
Q

Miscarriage

A

The sudden loss of an unborn baby

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65
Q

Threatened abortion

A

Signs of a potential miscarriage are seen but all is eventually okay

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66
Q

Inevitable abortion

A

When the foetus is pushed from the uterus by the woman’s body

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67
Q

Missed abortion

A

When the foetus is dead in the uterus and needs to be surgically removed

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68
Q

General practitioner (GP)

A

A family doctor

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69
Q

Obstetrician

A

A doctor specialising in the care of women during the pregnancy

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70
Q

Gynaecologist

A

A doctor specialising in the problems of fertility and reproduction

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71
Q

Paediatrician

A

A doctor specialising in the care of babies and children

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72
Q

Routine

A

Straightforward and offered to everyone

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73
Q

Hyperemesis

A

Severe vomiting in the pregnancy

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74
Q

Ketosis

A

A dangerous condition in which high levels of ketones buildup in a pregnant woman’s urine

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75
Q

Intravenous

A

Fluids given straight into the blood via a drip

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76
Q

Uterus (Womb)

A

A strong muscle that expands during pregnancy to contain the growing baby

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77
Q

Placenta

A

This develops alongside the baby throughout pregnancy providing vital hormones and nutrients and dealing with waste products

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78
Q

Screening test

A

A test to check for any potential problems

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79
Q

Diagnostic test

A

A test to help identify a problem

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80
Q

Birth plan

A

A plan of how the mother wishes her labour to progress if there are not complications

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81
Q

Contraction

A

A tightening of the muscles of the uterus

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82
Q

Birth canal

A

The vagina, cervix and uterus form one chanel

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83
Q

Crowning

A

The baby’s head appears at the entrance of the vagina

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84
Q

Perineum

A

The skin between the rectum and the vagina

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85
Q

Oxytocin

A

A hormone that stimulates contractions and reduces bleeding after birth

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86
Q

Pethidine

A

One of several drugs that relive pain during labour

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87
Q

Entonox

A

A gas and air mixture

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88
Q

Epidural

A

An anaesthetic given via the spine

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89
Q

Anaesthetic

A

Something that stops you feeling the pain

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90
Q

TENS

A

(transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) Electrical impulses that affect pain messages from the brain

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91
Q

Endorphins

A

The body’s natural pain-relieving chemicals

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92
Q

Episiotomy

A

A cut made in the perineum to avoid a woman tearing during the birth

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93
Q

Caesarean section

A

Delivering a baby by surgery

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94
Q

Neonate

A

A newborn baby ages up to one month

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95
Q

Primitive reflexes

A

Automatic responses to stimuli

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96
Q

Apgar score

A

A measurement of vital signs in newborn babies

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97
Q

Congenital

A

Anything present at birth

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98
Q

Lanugo

A

A soft, downy hair covering the skin in the womb

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99
Q

Milia

A

Tiny white spots that soon go away

100
Q

Gestation

A

The time a baby spends developing in the womb, usually 40 weeks

101
Q

Full-term

A

A baby born at arounf 40 weeks

102
Q

Colic

A

A painful condition in the gut. It tends to occur at the same time each day and can go on for several months

103
Q

Baby blues

A

Moods that swings from happiness to tears following birth, due to hormone imbalance

104
Q

Balanced diet

A

A diet that provides all the body’s needs for energy, growth, repair and infection control

105
Q

EARS

A

(Estimated average requirements)

An estimate of the energy a person needs to get from food

106
Q

RNIs

A

(Reference nutrient intakes)

An estimate of an average person’s nutrient needs to come from food

107
Q

‘Eat well plate’

A

A visual representation of the recommended daily proportions to come from each of the five food groups

108
Q

Best before date

A

The last date on which a food is safe to eat

109
Q

Allergens

A

Natural substances that can cause allergies

110
Q

Kosher

A

Food cleaned and prepared according to Jewish rules

111
Q

Colostrum

A

The rich creamy milk produced by the mother in the first few days after birth

112
Q

Fore milk

A

The initial milk produced during a breastfeed that satisfies immediate hunger

113
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

A bacterial infection of the stomach which causes sickness and diarrhoea

114
Q

Mastitis

A

A painful inflammation of the breast

115
Q

Engorgement

A

Where the breast is over-full with milk, making it hard for the baby to suckle from and painful for the mother

116
Q

Sterilisation

A

A method of cleaning that destroys germs

117
Q

Cooled boiled water

A

Water that has been boiled and left to cool. It is used for making up formula feeds

118
Q

Weaning

A

The gradual introduction of solid foods to a baby

119
Q

Food allergy

A

Where the body’s immune system thinks a (usually safe) food is harmful and fights against it

120
Q

Food intolerance

A

Where the body’s digestive system does not produce enough of a particular enzyme to digest a food properly

121
Q

Celiac disease

A

An intolerance to a protein called gluten, which is found in wheat, rye, barley and oats

122
Q

Halal

A

To kill animals according to Muslim law

123
Q

Anaphlaxis

A

A sevre and sometimes life-threatening allergic reaction

124
Q

Poor diet

A

A diet that lacks sufficient nutrients for good health

125
Q

Obesity

A

Being seriously overweight and risking health problems

126
Q

Good hygiene practice

A

Careful hand washing before handling food and after nappy changing, sneezing or going to the toilet

127
Q

Personal care

A

Keeping one’s own body generally clean by good hand washing, bathing, hair and nail-care etc

128
Q

Cross infection

A

The passing of germs from one person to another

129
Q

Vaccination

A

A procedure often an injection, to protect against an infectios illness

130
Q

Immunisation programme

A

A set of vaccinations that gradually builds up the protection needed

131
Q

Pyrexia

A

A raised temperature over 37.5 C

132
Q

Dehydration

A

When the body has lost too much fluid, often as a result of vomiting, diarrhoea or pyrexia

133
Q

Febile convulsion

A

A severe reaction by some children to high temperature

134
Q

Ward play worker

A

A trained carer or nurse who understands the specific needs of children while in the hospital

135
Q

Passive smoking

A

The involuntary inhalation of tobacco, smoke from cigarettes, pipes etc

136
Q

Growth

A

A gradual increase in size

137
Q

Development

A

Increasing abilities, skills and understanding

138
Q

Percentile charts

A

Charts used by health professionals to monitor a child’s development

139
Q

Developmental milestones

A

The stages of development which all children pass through in a similar sequence

140
Q

Growth curve

A

The line showing how an individual child’s measurements (height, weight etc) are developing

141
Q

Developmental testing

A

Checks made on babies and young children at specific ages to monitor progress and see that they are developing as expected

142
Q

Gender

A

Male or female

143
Q

Gross motor skills

A

Skills involving large gestures and movements

e.g. walking, running, hopping, jumping, bending, stretching, balancing

144
Q

Fine motor skills

A

Skills which involve using hands, fingers and thumbs to pick up, hold and manipulate

145
Q

Sensory development

A

The use of the body’s five main senses to explore and learn

146
Q

Interdependent

A

Where different things rely upon eachother to succeed

147
Q

Involuntary reflex actions

A

Automatic responses, seen in babies in the earliest days and weeks

148
Q

Head lag

A

Inability to support the head weight

149
Q

Balance

A

Moving in a controlled manner

150
Q

Coordination

A

Being able to plan, combine and control a sequence of movements

151
Q

Spacial awareness

A

Appreciation of the size of space around so it can be used accurately

152
Q

Palmer grasp

A

A reflex action in which a baby’s hand grabs everything it touches

153
Q

Pincer grasp

A

The use of index finger and thumb to hold something

154
Q

Primitive grasp

A

A clumsy grasp of crayons etc

155
Q

Hand-eye coordination

A

Using vision to help control actions and to support the manipulation of objects which the child has planned or intended

156
Q

Tripod grasp

A

Adult grip of a pencil to control it

157
Q

Sensory mouthing

A

Using the mouth to explore (touch, taste, smell, feel) objects

158
Q

Object permanence

A

Understanding that something exists even when it can no longer be seen

159
Q

Cognitive

A

To do with knowledge in the widest sense, invloving a range of skills and understanding concepts

160
Q

Language

A

A means of communication

161
Q

Nature

A

Qualities that are inherited

162
Q

Nurture

A

Qualities that come from experience and environment

163
Q

Concept

A

A general idea used to sort out and understand the environment

164
Q

Imagination

A

The use of thinking to visualise and plan ideas

165
Q

Creativity

A

Being able to express oneself in different ways

166
Q

Egocentricity

A

Not taking anyone else’s view or needs into account

167
Q

Conservation

A

Understanding that things can be the same even if they look different

168
Q

Concentration

A

The ability to focus for a period of time

169
Q

Conceptualisation

A

The organisation of thinking and understanding

170
Q

Reasoning

A

Understanding the cause and effect of our actions

171
Q

Memory

A

The power to store and retrieve information in the mind

172
Q

Problem solving

A

The ability to think of ways to sort out a problem, puzzle or difficult situation

173
Q

Non-verbal

A

Unspoken

174
Q

Passive vocabulary

A

Words that are understood but not used (in speech)

175
Q

Active vocabulary

A

Use of speech or signs

176
Q

Turn-taking

A

Coos and gurgles in response to words and sounds from a carer

177
Q

Monosyllabic babbling

A

Repetitive sounds for example ‘dadada’

178
Q

Polysyllabic sounds

A

Changes in tone and pitch, for example ‘mememomo’

179
Q

Jargon

A

Words that are not recognised by others easily

180
Q

Holophrase

A

A word that is used to describe more than one object belonging to a group

181
Q

Echolalia

A

Repeating the last word or sound heard

182
Q

Telegraphic speech

A

Short sentences that lack ‘joining’ words

183
Q

Motherese

A

The tone of the voice often used by adults when talking to babies

184
Q

Emergent writing

A

A child’s first attempts at forming letters as a means of communication. Patterns of letter-type shapes are often seen first, with children then trying to write their own name or a caption for their drawing

185
Q

Socialisation

A

Learing the behaviour and cultural expectations of family and society

186
Q

Primary socialisation

A

The influences of family and immediate socail circle on social development

187
Q

Secondary socialisation

A

The influences from the wider community for example teachers, church leaders, etc on social development

188
Q

Discipline

A

The setting of boundaries and expectations of behaviour

189
Q

Bonding

A

The strong emotional tie between child and main carer, usually starts at birth

190
Q

Separation anxiety

A

The concern shown by very young children when left by their main carer

191
Q

Self-image

A

Your identity and who you think you are

192
Q

Self-esteem

A

How you feel about yourself

193
Q

Emotions

A

Feelings

194
Q

Comforter

A

Thumb or other item that soothes and comforts a child

195
Q

Solitary play

A

The first stage of play in which the children play alone

196
Q

Parallel play

A

The second stage of play in which children play alongside but not with each other

197
Q

Looking-on play

A

The third stage of play in which the children observe and learn from what others are doing

198
Q

Cooperative play

A

The fifth and final stage of play where children play/work together to complete tasks and role play together

199
Q

Discipline

A

Upholing rules of good behaviour

200
Q

Bullying

A

Hurting or intimidating someone weaker

201
Q

Tantrum

A

A loss of control of emotion

202
Q

Positive reinforcement

A

Giving praise and rewards for good behaviour

ignoring bad behaviour

203
Q

Boundaries

A

Clear limits within which the children have to stay

204
Q

Sanction

A

A punishment where something is taken away

205
Q

Regressive behaviour

A

Displays of behaviour reverting to that of a younger age

206
Q

Play deprivation

A

Where children are not given enough opportunities to play freely without adult organisation and intervention

207
Q

Play based learning

A

Where learning opportunities were provided through play

208
Q

Structured play

A

Play that is organised by adults and often has a pre-set outcome

209
Q

Spontaneous play

A

Play in which children choose how and what they do freely

210
Q

Creative

A

Expressing oneslef in different ways

211
Q

Discovery play

A

Play using all of the senses

212
Q

Special needs

A

A term used for children who need extra or different help to support their development

213
Q

3D

Three dimensional

A

A solid shape with height, length and depth

214
Q

Small-world play

A

Where children play out their understanding of the world in minature, using model farms, railways etc

215
Q

Hand-eye coordination

A

Ability to manipulate something using vision to coordinate hands

216
Q

Story sack

A

A bag of toys, games and objects linked to a specific story

217
Q

Storyboards

A

A sequence of visual images from a story set out by children as the story progresses

218
Q

Household play

A

Play (safely) using everyday objects from around the home

219
Q

Technology

A

Electronic programmes that make household and everyday item and toys work

220
Q

Programme

A

The built-in instructions to a computer ot object that make it work

221
Q

Concept skills

A

Skills requiring thought and a range of ideas

222
Q

Childcare provision

A

Places and people who care for young children between birth and starting school. Provision can be in the home or in a group setting

223
Q

Setting

A

A place that provides ‘group’ care for young children for example nurseries, creches and pre-schools

224
Q

Nanny

A

Someone whocares for a child in the child’s home, either daily or living with the family. They may or may not have relevent qualification

225
Q

Au pair

A

Someone who looks after a child in the child’s home, usually while they are learning English. They are usually unqualified and unexperienced

226
Q

Key person

A

The member of staff in a childcare setting who builds up a relationship with and has particular responsibility for an individual child

227
Q

Child centred

A

Where the child’s needs are central to what happens

228
Q

High staff turnover

A

Staff leave frequently and new staff arrive

229
Q

One-to-one care

A

Where a child gets individual attention from a carer

230
Q

EYFS

A

(Early Years Foundation Stage)

A regualtory framework which all registered childcare providers need to follow

231
Q

Early years practitioner

A

Someone who works with and teaches early years children

232
Q

EYFS principles

A

The four main themes of EYFS: unique child, positive relationships, enabling environments, learning and development

233
Q

Sure start

A

A government programme aiming to provide a good start in life for all children

234
Q

Bookstart

A

An organisation that promotes the value of books and reading to families and children

235
Q

Bookstart and different needs

A

A Bookstart initiative providing information on different types of books via the Bookstart website

236
Q

Bookstart book crawl

A

A Bookstart scheme to encourage parents and children to use the library

237
Q

Booktouch

A

A Bookstart pack for blind and partially sighted babies and children

238
Q

Health visitor

A

A qualified nurse with additional specialist health visitor training

239
Q

Special need

A

An identified and extra reqirement that is needed if a child is to reach their potential

240
Q

Mainstream

A

A ‘group’ care setting or school for all children

241
Q

Support

A

A means of helping

242
Q

SENCO

A

(Special educational needs coordinator)
Someone who works with children and their teachers and their families to ensure that the support the child needs is identified and provided

243
Q

Statutory assessment

A

A detailed, multi-professional examination and assessment of a child

244
Q

Ofsted

A

(Office of standards in education)

A government body that registers, inspects, investigates and takes action against early years settings and childminders

245
Q

RIDDOR

A

(Reporting of Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations)
A set of regulations that workplaces must comply with that involves keeping records of accidents and illnesses

Child Development (1 decks)

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