Keys Words Flashcards
1
Q
Use by date
A
The date manufacturers recommend that a food must be eaten by
2
Q
Hind milk
A
The second, richer milk produced during a breast feed which gives longer-term satisfaction
3
Q
Deficiency
A
A lack of something causing a negative effect
4
Q
Food additives
A
Natural or chemically made substances added to foods
5
Q
Small-for-dates
A
A baby born full term but lighter than average
6
Q
Antibodies
A
The defensive system in the body
7
Q
‘Five a day’
A
The recommended number of fruit and veg portions to be eaten each day
8
Q
SIDS
A
(Sudden infant death syndrome) when a baby dies suddenly for no apparent reason
9
Q
Anaemia
A
Not enough red blood cells, common if iron is lacking in the diet
10
Q
Post natal depression
A
A new mother’s severe feelings of not being able to cope, even when she is coping fine
11
Q
Vernix caseos
A
A creamy substance that protects the skin in the womb
12
Q
Confinement
A
The time a woman gives birth
13
Q
Forceps
A
A tool like BBQ tongs that hold and helps pull the baby through the vagina
14
Q
Pre-term
A
A baby born before 37 weeks gestation
15
Q
Ventouse extaction
A
Delivering a baby using suction
16
Q
Root
A
An instinctive search for the breast
17
Q
Childminder
A
Someone who takes children into their own home to look after them. They are registered and often have relevant qualifications
18
Q
Verbal
A
Spoken
19
Q
Joining in play
A
The fourth stage of play where very simple signs of cooperation and playing together are seen
20
Q
Solitary play
A
The first stage of play in which children play alone
21
Q
Emotions
A
Feelings
22
Q
Re-constituted/Step family
A
Adults in a new partnership bringing children with them
23
Q
Stereotyping
A
Making a generalization about a person rather than seeing them as an individual
24
Q
Full-term
A
A baby born at around 40 weeks
25
Lactose
A milk-sugar in cow's milk that is not easily digested in some babies
26
Fine motor skills
Skills which involve using hands, fingers and small muscles
27
Allergens
Natural substances that can cause allergies
28
Nuclear family
Parents and their children live together but away form any other family members
29
Child provision
Daycare for children so that a parent can work
30
Extended family
Different generations of family live together or near by
31
Single-parent family
One parent looks after the child/ren alone
32
Shared-care family
Both parents share in the decisions made about a child
33
Multi-cultural
A mix of different cultures
34
Ethnic minority
A group of people with common features such as race, religion, culture, types of food and language
35
Lifestyle
The way we live, what we do, our freedom and commitments
36
Pre-conceptual care
Preparations made by a woman before conceiving
37
Feet to foot
Laying a baby to sleep with the feet touching the bottom of the cot to stop the wiggling down under the covers and suffocating
38
Layette
Clothing and bedding needed to a new baby
39
Accident
An unexpected incident that causes damage or injury
40
Risk assessment
A check of the possible dangers in the environment and resources
41
Accident prevention
Taking precautions to avoid accidents
| e.g. using safety equipment such as stair gates and window catches
42
Convulsion
Violent shaking or spasm
43
Puberty
When a boy or girl matures sexually into a man or a woman
44
Menstruation
A regular flow of blood from the vagina as the lining or the uterus breaks down
45
Ovum
Medical term for a woman's egg
46
Hormone
A chemical released into the blood stream that has a specific effect on a certain area of the body
e.g. Oestrogen and progesterone are key to sexual development and reproduction
47
Conception
When a man's sperm has fertilized a woman's egg
48
Fertilization
The process of the sperm entering the ovum
49
Contraceptive
A means to prevent a woman getting pregnant
50
Safe sex
Having sexual intercourse while both preventing pregnancy and keeping safe from sexually transmitted infections
51
Salmonella
A bacteria that causes food poisoning. It is sometimes found in raw eggs and chickens
52
Listeria
A bacteria, sometimes found in soft cheeses and raw fish, which can cause miscarriage
53
Toxoplamosis
An infection caused bu a micro-organism found in animal faeces
54
Infertility
Being unable to conceive a child
55
Fertility treatment
Ways of overcoming infertility
56
Surrogate mother
A woman who bears a baby on behalf of another woman
57
Dominant gene
Only need one for the gene to be present
58
Recessive gene
You need two for it to be present
59
Genetic counsellor
A person who explains genetic risks to couples before they decide to have a baby
60
Informed decision
Knowing all the possible outcomes of the decision you will make
61
Antenatal
Care given to mother and baby before birth
62
EDD
Estimated delivery date
63
Ectopic pregnancy
Implantation occurs in the fallopian tubes instead of the wall of the uterus
64
Miscarriage
The sudden loss of an unborn baby
65
Threatened abortion
Signs of a potential miscarriage are seen but all is eventually okay
66
Inevitable abortion
When the foetus is pushed from the uterus by the woman's body
67
Missed abortion
When the foetus is dead in the uterus and needs to be surgically removed
68
General practitioner (GP)
A family doctor
69
Obstetrician
A doctor specialising in the care of women during the pregnancy
70
Gynaecologist
A doctor specialising in the problems of fertility and reproduction
71
Paediatrician
A doctor specialising in the care of babies and children
72
Routine
Straightforward and offered to everyone
73
Hyperemesis
Severe vomiting in the pregnancy
74
Ketosis
A dangerous condition in which high levels of ketones buildup in a pregnant woman's urine
75
Intravenous
Fluids given straight into the blood via a drip
76
Uterus (Womb)
A strong muscle that expands during pregnancy to contain the growing baby
77
Placenta
This develops alongside the baby throughout pregnancy providing vital hormones and nutrients and dealing with waste products
78
Screening test
A test to check for any potential problems
79
Diagnostic test
A test to help identify a problem
80
Birth plan
A plan of how the mother wishes her labour to progress if there are not complications
81
Contraction
A tightening of the muscles of the uterus
82
Birth canal
The vagina, cervix and uterus form one chanel
83
Crowning
The baby's head appears at the entrance of the vagina
84
Perineum
The skin between the rectum and the vagina
85
Oxytocin
A hormone that stimulates contractions and reduces bleeding after birth
86
Pethidine
One of several drugs that relive pain during labour
87
Entonox
A gas and air mixture
88
Epidural
An anaesthetic given via the spine
89
Anaesthetic
Something that stops you feeling the pain
90
TENS
(transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) Electrical impulses that affect pain messages from the brain
91
Endorphins
The body's natural pain-relieving chemicals
92
Episiotomy
A cut made in the perineum to avoid a woman tearing during the birth
93
Caesarean section
Delivering a baby by surgery
94
Neonate
A newborn baby ages up to one month
95
Primitive reflexes
Automatic responses to stimuli
96
Apgar score
A measurement of vital signs in newborn babies
97
Congenital
Anything present at birth
98
Lanugo
A soft, downy hair covering the skin in the womb
99
Milia
Tiny white spots that soon go away
100
Gestation
The time a baby spends developing in the womb, usually 40 weeks
101
Full-term
A baby born at arounf 40 weeks
102
Colic
A painful condition in the gut. It tends to occur at the same time each day and can go on for several months
103
Baby blues
Moods that swings from happiness to tears following birth, due to hormone imbalance
104
Balanced diet
A diet that provides all the body's needs for energy, growth, repair and infection control
105
EARS
(Estimated average requirements)
| An estimate of the energy a person needs to get from food
106
RNIs
(Reference nutrient intakes)
| An estimate of an average person's nutrient needs to come from food
107
'Eat well plate'
A visual representation of the recommended daily proportions to come from each of the five food groups
108
Best before date
The last date on which a food is safe to eat
109
Allergens
Natural substances that can cause allergies
110
Kosher
Food cleaned and prepared according to Jewish rules
111
Colostrum
The rich creamy milk produced by the mother in the first few days after birth
112
Fore milk
The initial milk produced during a breastfeed that satisfies immediate hunger
113
Gastroenteritis
A bacterial infection of the stomach which causes sickness and diarrhoea
114
Mastitis
A painful inflammation of the breast
115
Engorgement
Where the breast is over-full with milk, making it hard for the baby to suckle from and painful for the mother
116
Sterilisation
A method of cleaning that destroys germs
117
Cooled boiled water
Water that has been boiled and left to cool. It is used for making up formula feeds
118
Weaning
The gradual introduction of solid foods to a baby
119
Food allergy
Where the body's immune system thinks a (usually safe) food is harmful and fights against it
120
Food intolerance
Where the body's digestive system does not produce enough of a particular enzyme to digest a food properly
121
Celiac disease
An intolerance to a protein called gluten, which is found in wheat, rye, barley and oats
122
Halal
To kill animals according to Muslim law
123
Anaphlaxis
A sevre and sometimes life-threatening allergic reaction
124
Poor diet
A diet that lacks sufficient nutrients for good health
125
Obesity
Being seriously overweight and risking health problems
126
Good hygiene practice
Careful hand washing before handling food and after nappy changing, sneezing or going to the toilet
127
Personal care
Keeping one's own body generally clean by good hand washing, bathing, hair and nail-care etc
128
Cross infection
The passing of germs from one person to another
129
Vaccination
A procedure often an injection, to protect against an infectios illness
130
Immunisation programme
A set of vaccinations that gradually builds up the protection needed
131
Pyrexia
A raised temperature over 37.5 C
132
Dehydration
When the body has lost too much fluid, often as a result of vomiting, diarrhoea or pyrexia
133
Febile convulsion
A severe reaction by some children to high temperature
134
Ward play worker
A trained carer or nurse who understands the specific needs of children while in the hospital
135
Passive smoking
The involuntary inhalation of tobacco, smoke from cigarettes, pipes etc
136
Growth
A gradual increase in size
137
Development
Increasing abilities, skills and understanding
138
Percentile charts
Charts used by health professionals to monitor a child's development
139
Developmental milestones
The stages of development which all children pass through in a similar sequence
140
Growth curve
The line showing how an individual child's measurements (height, weight etc) are developing
141
Developmental testing
Checks made on babies and young children at specific ages to monitor progress and see that they are developing as expected
142
Gender
Male or female
143
Gross motor skills
Skills involving large gestures and movements
| e.g. walking, running, hopping, jumping, bending, stretching, balancing
144
Fine motor skills
Skills which involve using hands, fingers and thumbs to pick up, hold and manipulate
145
Sensory development
The use of the body's five main senses to explore and learn
146
Interdependent
Where different things rely upon eachother to succeed
147
Involuntary reflex actions
Automatic responses, seen in babies in the earliest days and weeks
148
Head lag
Inability to support the head weight
149
Balance
Moving in a controlled manner
150
Coordination
Being able to plan, combine and control a sequence of movements
151
Spacial awareness
Appreciation of the size of space around so it can be used accurately
152
Palmer grasp
A reflex action in which a baby's hand grabs everything it touches
153
Pincer grasp
The use of index finger and thumb to hold something
154
Primitive grasp
A clumsy grasp of crayons etc
155
Hand-eye coordination
Using vision to help control actions and to support the manipulation of objects which the child has planned or intended
156
Tripod grasp
Adult grip of a pencil to control it
157
Sensory mouthing
Using the mouth to explore (touch, taste, smell, feel) objects
158
Object permanence
Understanding that something exists even when it can no longer be seen
159
Cognitive
To do with knowledge in the widest sense, invloving a range of skills and understanding concepts
160
Language
A means of communication
161
Nature
Qualities that are inherited
162
Nurture
Qualities that come from experience and environment
163
Concept
A general idea used to sort out and understand the environment
164
Imagination
The use of thinking to visualise and plan ideas
165
Creativity
Being able to express oneself in different ways
166
Egocentricity
Not taking anyone else's view or needs into account
167
Conservation
Understanding that things can be the same even if they look different
168
Concentration
The ability to focus for a period of time
169
Conceptualisation
The organisation of thinking and understanding
170
Reasoning
Understanding the cause and effect of our actions
171
Memory
The power to store and retrieve information in the mind
172
Problem solving
The ability to think of ways to sort out a problem, puzzle or difficult situation
173
Non-verbal
Unspoken
174
Passive vocabulary
Words that are understood but not used (in speech)
175
Active vocabulary
Use of speech or signs
176
Turn-taking
Coos and gurgles in response to words and sounds from a carer
177
Monosyllabic babbling
Repetitive sounds for example 'dadada'
178
Polysyllabic sounds
Changes in tone and pitch, for example 'mememomo'
179
Jargon
Words that are not recognised by others easily
180
Holophrase
A word that is used to describe more than one object belonging to a group
181
Echolalia
Repeating the last word or sound heard
182
Telegraphic speech
Short sentences that lack 'joining' words
183
Motherese
The tone of the voice often used by adults when talking to babies
184
Emergent writing
A child's first attempts at forming letters as a means of communication. Patterns of letter-type shapes are often seen first, with children then trying to write their own name or a caption for their drawing
185
Socialisation
Learing the behaviour and cultural expectations of family and society
186
Primary socialisation
The influences of family and immediate socail circle on social development
187
Secondary socialisation
The influences from the wider community for example teachers, church leaders, etc on social development
188
Discipline
The setting of boundaries and expectations of behaviour
189
Bonding
The strong emotional tie between child and main carer, usually starts at birth
190
Separation anxiety
The concern shown by very young children when left by their main carer
191
Self-image
Your identity and who you think you are
192
Self-esteem
How you feel about yourself
193
Emotions
Feelings
194
Comforter
Thumb or other item that soothes and comforts a child
195
Solitary play
The first stage of play in which the children play alone
196
Parallel play
The second stage of play in which children play alongside but not with each other
197
Looking-on play
The third stage of play in which the children observe and learn from what others are doing
198
Cooperative play
The fifth and final stage of play where children play/work together to complete tasks and role play together
199
Discipline
Upholing rules of good behaviour
200
Bullying
Hurting or intimidating someone weaker
201
Tantrum
A loss of control of emotion
202
Positive reinforcement
Giving praise and rewards for good behaviour
| ignoring bad behaviour
203
Boundaries
Clear limits within which the children have to stay
204
Sanction
A punishment where something is taken away
205
Regressive behaviour
Displays of behaviour reverting to that of a younger age
206
Play deprivation
Where children are not given enough opportunities to play freely without adult organisation and intervention
207
Play based learning
Where learning opportunities were provided through play
208
Structured play
Play that is organised by adults and often has a pre-set outcome
209
Spontaneous play
Play in which children choose how and what they do freely
210
Creative
Expressing oneslef in different ways
211
Discovery play
Play using all of the senses
212
Special needs
A term used for children who need extra or different help to support their development
213
3D
| Three dimensional
A solid shape with height, length and depth
214
Small-world play
Where children play out their understanding of the world in minature, using model farms, railways etc
215
Hand-eye coordination
Ability to manipulate something using vision to coordinate hands
216
Story sack
A bag of toys, games and objects linked to a specific story
217
Storyboards
A sequence of visual images from a story set out by children as the story progresses
218
Household play
Play (safely) using everyday objects from around the home
219
Technology
Electronic programmes that make household and everyday item and toys work
220
Programme
The built-in instructions to a computer ot object that make it work
221
Concept skills
Skills requiring thought and a range of ideas
222
Childcare provision
Places and people who care for young children between birth and starting school. Provision can be in the home or in a group setting
223
Setting
A place that provides 'group' care for young children for example nurseries, creches and pre-schools
224
Nanny
Someone whocares for a child in the child's home, either daily or living with the family. They may or may not have relevent qualification
225
Au pair
Someone who looks after a child in the child's home, usually while they are learning English. They are usually unqualified and unexperienced
226
Key person
The member of staff in a childcare setting who builds up a relationship with and has particular responsibility for an individual child
227
Child centred
Where the child's needs are central to what happens
228
High staff turnover
Staff leave frequently and new staff arrive
229
One-to-one care
Where a child gets individual attention from a carer
230
EYFS
(Early Years Foundation Stage)
| A regualtory framework which all registered childcare providers need to follow
231
Early years practitioner
Someone who works with and teaches early years children
232
EYFS principles
The four main themes of EYFS: unique child, positive relationships, enabling environments, learning and development
233
Sure start
A government programme aiming to provide a good start in life for all children
234
Bookstart
An organisation that promotes the value of books and reading to families and children
235
Bookstart and different needs
A Bookstart initiative providing information on different types of books via the Bookstart website
236
Bookstart book crawl
A Bookstart scheme to encourage parents and children to use the library
237
Booktouch
A Bookstart pack for blind and partially sighted babies and children
238
Health visitor
A qualified nurse with additional specialist health visitor training
239
Special need
An identified and extra reqirement that is needed if a child is to reach their potential
240
Mainstream
A 'group' care setting or school for all children
241
Support
A means of helping
242
SENCO
(Special educational needs coordinator)
Someone who works with children and their teachers and their families to ensure that the support the child needs is identified and provided
243
Statutory assessment
A detailed, multi-professional examination and assessment of a child
244
Ofsted
(Office of standards in education)
| A government body that registers, inspects, investigates and takes action against early years settings and childminders
245
RIDDOR
(Reporting of Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations)
A set of regulations that workplaces must comply with that involves keeping records of accidents and illnesses
