Keys Words Flashcards
Use by date
The date manufacturers recommend that a food must be eaten by
Hind milk
The second, richer milk produced during a breast feed which gives longer-term satisfaction
Deficiency
A lack of something causing a negative effect
Food additives
Natural or chemically made substances added to foods
Small-for-dates
A baby born full term but lighter than average
Antibodies
The defensive system in the body
‘Five a day’
The recommended number of fruit and veg portions to be eaten each day
SIDS
(Sudden infant death syndrome) when a baby dies suddenly for no apparent reason
Anaemia
Not enough red blood cells, common if iron is lacking in the diet
Post natal depression
A new mother’s severe feelings of not being able to cope, even when she is coping fine
Vernix caseos
A creamy substance that protects the skin in the womb
Confinement
The time a woman gives birth
Forceps
A tool like BBQ tongs that hold and helps pull the baby through the vagina
Pre-term
A baby born before 37 weeks gestation
Ventouse extaction
Delivering a baby using suction
Root
An instinctive search for the breast
Childminder
Someone who takes children into their own home to look after them. They are registered and often have relevant qualifications
Verbal
Spoken
Joining in play
The fourth stage of play where very simple signs of cooperation and playing together are seen
Solitary play
The first stage of play in which children play alone
Emotions
Feelings
Re-constituted/Step family
Adults in a new partnership bringing children with them
Stereotyping
Making a generalization about a person rather than seeing them as an individual
Full-term
A baby born at around 40 weeks
Lactose
A milk-sugar in cow’s milk that is not easily digested in some babies
Fine motor skills
Skills which involve using hands, fingers and small muscles
Allergens
Natural substances that can cause allergies
Nuclear family
Parents and their children live together but away form any other family members
Child provision
Daycare for children so that a parent can work
Extended family
Different generations of family live together or near by
Single-parent family
One parent looks after the child/ren alone
Shared-care family
Both parents share in the decisions made about a child
Multi-cultural
A mix of different cultures
Ethnic minority
A group of people with common features such as race, religion, culture, types of food and language
Lifestyle
The way we live, what we do, our freedom and commitments
Pre-conceptual care
Preparations made by a woman before conceiving
Feet to foot
Laying a baby to sleep with the feet touching the bottom of the cot to stop the wiggling down under the covers and suffocating
Layette
Clothing and bedding needed to a new baby
Accident
An unexpected incident that causes damage or injury
Risk assessment
A check of the possible dangers in the environment and resources
Accident prevention
Taking precautions to avoid accidents
e.g. using safety equipment such as stair gates and window catches
Convulsion
Violent shaking or spasm
Puberty
When a boy or girl matures sexually into a man or a woman
Menstruation
A regular flow of blood from the vagina as the lining or the uterus breaks down
Ovum
Medical term for a woman’s egg
Hormone
A chemical released into the blood stream that has a specific effect on a certain area of the body
e.g. Oestrogen and progesterone are key to sexual development and reproduction
Conception
When a man’s sperm has fertilized a woman’s egg
Fertilization
The process of the sperm entering the ovum
Contraceptive
A means to prevent a woman getting pregnant
Safe sex
Having sexual intercourse while both preventing pregnancy and keeping safe from sexually transmitted infections
Salmonella
A bacteria that causes food poisoning. It is sometimes found in raw eggs and chickens
Listeria
A bacteria, sometimes found in soft cheeses and raw fish, which can cause miscarriage
Toxoplamosis
An infection caused bu a micro-organism found in animal faeces
Infertility
Being unable to conceive a child
Fertility treatment
Ways of overcoming infertility
Surrogate mother
A woman who bears a baby on behalf of another woman
Dominant gene
Only need one for the gene to be present
Recessive gene
You need two for it to be present
Genetic counsellor
A person who explains genetic risks to couples before they decide to have a baby
Informed decision
Knowing all the possible outcomes of the decision you will make
Antenatal
Care given to mother and baby before birth
EDD
Estimated delivery date
Ectopic pregnancy
Implantation occurs in the fallopian tubes instead of the wall of the uterus
Miscarriage
The sudden loss of an unborn baby
Threatened abortion
Signs of a potential miscarriage are seen but all is eventually okay
Inevitable abortion
When the foetus is pushed from the uterus by the woman’s body
Missed abortion
When the foetus is dead in the uterus and needs to be surgically removed
General practitioner (GP)
A family doctor
Obstetrician
A doctor specialising in the care of women during the pregnancy
Gynaecologist
A doctor specialising in the problems of fertility and reproduction
Paediatrician
A doctor specialising in the care of babies and children
Routine
Straightforward and offered to everyone
Hyperemesis
Severe vomiting in the pregnancy
Ketosis
A dangerous condition in which high levels of ketones buildup in a pregnant woman’s urine
Intravenous
Fluids given straight into the blood via a drip
Uterus (Womb)
A strong muscle that expands during pregnancy to contain the growing baby
Placenta
This develops alongside the baby throughout pregnancy providing vital hormones and nutrients and dealing with waste products
Screening test
A test to check for any potential problems
Diagnostic test
A test to help identify a problem
Birth plan
A plan of how the mother wishes her labour to progress if there are not complications
Contraction
A tightening of the muscles of the uterus
Birth canal
The vagina, cervix and uterus form one chanel
Crowning
The baby’s head appears at the entrance of the vagina
Perineum
The skin between the rectum and the vagina
Oxytocin
A hormone that stimulates contractions and reduces bleeding after birth
Pethidine
One of several drugs that relive pain during labour
Entonox
A gas and air mixture
Epidural
An anaesthetic given via the spine
Anaesthetic
Something that stops you feeling the pain
TENS
(transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) Electrical impulses that affect pain messages from the brain
Endorphins
The body’s natural pain-relieving chemicals
Episiotomy
A cut made in the perineum to avoid a woman tearing during the birth
Caesarean section
Delivering a baby by surgery
Neonate
A newborn baby ages up to one month
Primitive reflexes
Automatic responses to stimuli
Apgar score
A measurement of vital signs in newborn babies
Congenital
Anything present at birth
Lanugo
A soft, downy hair covering the skin in the womb
Milia
Tiny white spots that soon go away
Gestation
The time a baby spends developing in the womb, usually 40 weeks
Full-term
A baby born at arounf 40 weeks
Colic
A painful condition in the gut. It tends to occur at the same time each day and can go on for several months
Baby blues
Moods that swings from happiness to tears following birth, due to hormone imbalance
Balanced diet
A diet that provides all the body’s needs for energy, growth, repair and infection control
EARS
(Estimated average requirements)
An estimate of the energy a person needs to get from food
RNIs
(Reference nutrient intakes)
An estimate of an average person’s nutrient needs to come from food
‘Eat well plate’
A visual representation of the recommended daily proportions to come from each of the five food groups
Best before date
The last date on which a food is safe to eat
Allergens
Natural substances that can cause allergies
Kosher
Food cleaned and prepared according to Jewish rules
Colostrum
The rich creamy milk produced by the mother in the first few days after birth
Fore milk
The initial milk produced during a breastfeed that satisfies immediate hunger
Gastroenteritis
A bacterial infection of the stomach which causes sickness and diarrhoea
Mastitis
A painful inflammation of the breast
Engorgement
Where the breast is over-full with milk, making it hard for the baby to suckle from and painful for the mother
Sterilisation
A method of cleaning that destroys germs
Cooled boiled water
Water that has been boiled and left to cool. It is used for making up formula feeds
Weaning
The gradual introduction of solid foods to a baby
Food allergy
Where the body’s immune system thinks a (usually safe) food is harmful and fights against it
Food intolerance
Where the body’s digestive system does not produce enough of a particular enzyme to digest a food properly
Celiac disease
An intolerance to a protein called gluten, which is found in wheat, rye, barley and oats
Halal
To kill animals according to Muslim law
Anaphlaxis
A sevre and sometimes life-threatening allergic reaction
Poor diet
A diet that lacks sufficient nutrients for good health
Obesity
Being seriously overweight and risking health problems
Good hygiene practice
Careful hand washing before handling food and after nappy changing, sneezing or going to the toilet
Personal care
Keeping one’s own body generally clean by good hand washing, bathing, hair and nail-care etc
Cross infection
The passing of germs from one person to another
Vaccination
A procedure often an injection, to protect against an infectios illness
Immunisation programme
A set of vaccinations that gradually builds up the protection needed
Pyrexia
A raised temperature over 37.5 C
Dehydration
When the body has lost too much fluid, often as a result of vomiting, diarrhoea or pyrexia
Febile convulsion
A severe reaction by some children to high temperature
Ward play worker
A trained carer or nurse who understands the specific needs of children while in the hospital
Passive smoking
The involuntary inhalation of tobacco, smoke from cigarettes, pipes etc
Growth
A gradual increase in size
Development
Increasing abilities, skills and understanding
Percentile charts
Charts used by health professionals to monitor a child’s development
Developmental milestones
The stages of development which all children pass through in a similar sequence
Growth curve
The line showing how an individual child’s measurements (height, weight etc) are developing
Developmental testing
Checks made on babies and young children at specific ages to monitor progress and see that they are developing as expected
Gender
Male or female
Gross motor skills
Skills involving large gestures and movements
e.g. walking, running, hopping, jumping, bending, stretching, balancing
Fine motor skills
Skills which involve using hands, fingers and thumbs to pick up, hold and manipulate
Sensory development
The use of the body’s five main senses to explore and learn
Interdependent
Where different things rely upon eachother to succeed
Involuntary reflex actions
Automatic responses, seen in babies in the earliest days and weeks
Head lag
Inability to support the head weight
Balance
Moving in a controlled manner
Coordination
Being able to plan, combine and control a sequence of movements
Spacial awareness
Appreciation of the size of space around so it can be used accurately
Palmer grasp
A reflex action in which a baby’s hand grabs everything it touches
Pincer grasp
The use of index finger and thumb to hold something
Primitive grasp
A clumsy grasp of crayons etc
Hand-eye coordination
Using vision to help control actions and to support the manipulation of objects which the child has planned or intended
Tripod grasp
Adult grip of a pencil to control it
Sensory mouthing
Using the mouth to explore (touch, taste, smell, feel) objects
Object permanence
Understanding that something exists even when it can no longer be seen
Cognitive
To do with knowledge in the widest sense, invloving a range of skills and understanding concepts
Language
A means of communication
Nature
Qualities that are inherited
Nurture
Qualities that come from experience and environment
Concept
A general idea used to sort out and understand the environment
Imagination
The use of thinking to visualise and plan ideas
Creativity
Being able to express oneself in different ways
Egocentricity
Not taking anyone else’s view or needs into account
Conservation
Understanding that things can be the same even if they look different
Concentration
The ability to focus for a period of time
Conceptualisation
The organisation of thinking and understanding
Reasoning
Understanding the cause and effect of our actions
Memory
The power to store and retrieve information in the mind
Problem solving
The ability to think of ways to sort out a problem, puzzle or difficult situation
Non-verbal
Unspoken
Passive vocabulary
Words that are understood but not used (in speech)
Active vocabulary
Use of speech or signs
Turn-taking
Coos and gurgles in response to words and sounds from a carer
Monosyllabic babbling
Repetitive sounds for example ‘dadada’
Polysyllabic sounds
Changes in tone and pitch, for example ‘mememomo’
Jargon
Words that are not recognised by others easily
Holophrase
A word that is used to describe more than one object belonging to a group
Echolalia
Repeating the last word or sound heard
Telegraphic speech
Short sentences that lack ‘joining’ words
Motherese
The tone of the voice often used by adults when talking to babies
Emergent writing
A child’s first attempts at forming letters as a means of communication. Patterns of letter-type shapes are often seen first, with children then trying to write their own name or a caption for their drawing
Socialisation
Learing the behaviour and cultural expectations of family and society
Primary socialisation
The influences of family and immediate socail circle on social development
Secondary socialisation
The influences from the wider community for example teachers, church leaders, etc on social development
Discipline
The setting of boundaries and expectations of behaviour
Bonding
The strong emotional tie between child and main carer, usually starts at birth
Separation anxiety
The concern shown by very young children when left by their main carer
Self-image
Your identity and who you think you are
Self-esteem
How you feel about yourself
Emotions
Feelings
Comforter
Thumb or other item that soothes and comforts a child
Solitary play
The first stage of play in which the children play alone
Parallel play
The second stage of play in which children play alongside but not with each other
Looking-on play
The third stage of play in which the children observe and learn from what others are doing
Cooperative play
The fifth and final stage of play where children play/work together to complete tasks and role play together
Discipline
Upholing rules of good behaviour
Bullying
Hurting or intimidating someone weaker
Tantrum
A loss of control of emotion
Positive reinforcement
Giving praise and rewards for good behaviour
ignoring bad behaviour
Boundaries
Clear limits within which the children have to stay
Sanction
A punishment where something is taken away
Regressive behaviour
Displays of behaviour reverting to that of a younger age
Play deprivation
Where children are not given enough opportunities to play freely without adult organisation and intervention
Play based learning
Where learning opportunities were provided through play
Structured play
Play that is organised by adults and often has a pre-set outcome
Spontaneous play
Play in which children choose how and what they do freely
Creative
Expressing oneslef in different ways
Discovery play
Play using all of the senses
Special needs
A term used for children who need extra or different help to support their development
3D
Three dimensional
A solid shape with height, length and depth
Small-world play
Where children play out their understanding of the world in minature, using model farms, railways etc
Hand-eye coordination
Ability to manipulate something using vision to coordinate hands
Story sack
A bag of toys, games and objects linked to a specific story
Storyboards
A sequence of visual images from a story set out by children as the story progresses
Household play
Play (safely) using everyday objects from around the home
Technology
Electronic programmes that make household and everyday item and toys work
Programme
The built-in instructions to a computer ot object that make it work
Concept skills
Skills requiring thought and a range of ideas
Childcare provision
Places and people who care for young children between birth and starting school. Provision can be in the home or in a group setting
Setting
A place that provides ‘group’ care for young children for example nurseries, creches and pre-schools
Nanny
Someone whocares for a child in the child’s home, either daily or living with the family. They may or may not have relevent qualification
Au pair
Someone who looks after a child in the child’s home, usually while they are learning English. They are usually unqualified and unexperienced
Key person
The member of staff in a childcare setting who builds up a relationship with and has particular responsibility for an individual child
Child centred
Where the child’s needs are central to what happens
High staff turnover
Staff leave frequently and new staff arrive
One-to-one care
Where a child gets individual attention from a carer
EYFS
(Early Years Foundation Stage)
A regualtory framework which all registered childcare providers need to follow
Early years practitioner
Someone who works with and teaches early years children
EYFS principles
The four main themes of EYFS: unique child, positive relationships, enabling environments, learning and development
Sure start
A government programme aiming to provide a good start in life for all children
Bookstart
An organisation that promotes the value of books and reading to families and children
Bookstart and different needs
A Bookstart initiative providing information on different types of books via the Bookstart website
Bookstart book crawl
A Bookstart scheme to encourage parents and children to use the library
Booktouch
A Bookstart pack for blind and partially sighted babies and children
Health visitor
A qualified nurse with additional specialist health visitor training
Special need
An identified and extra reqirement that is needed if a child is to reach their potential
Mainstream
A ‘group’ care setting or school for all children
Support
A means of helping
SENCO
(Special educational needs coordinator)
Someone who works with children and their teachers and their families to ensure that the support the child needs is identified and provided
Statutory assessment
A detailed, multi-professional examination and assessment of a child
Ofsted
(Office of standards in education)
A government body that registers, inspects, investigates and takes action against early years settings and childminders
RIDDOR
(Reporting of Injuries Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations)
A set of regulations that workplaces must comply with that involves keeping records of accidents and illnesses
