Key words japan

Question 1

Duan Qirui

Answer 1

Chinese warlord and prime minister of China intermittently from 1913-18

Question 2

Nishihara Kamezo

Answer 2

Businessman sent as personal envoy by the Japanese Prime Minister to negotiate loans to Duan Qirui

Question 3

Black Dragon Society

Answer 3

Founded in 1901 with the aim of extending Japan’s ‘Imperial mission’ to Manchuria, Mongolia, and Siberia. It had close contacts with the Japanese officer corps

Question 4

Consular courts

Answer 4

A court presided over by foreign officials to protect the interests of their countrymen, who were trading or working in a country such as Japan or China. These courts were recognized by treaty

Question 5

Westernizers

Answer 5

Those who believed that the Japanese state should modernize along European lines.

Question 6

Universal conscription

Answer 6

The law by which all young males-and nowadays young females-

Question 7

General staff

Answer 7

A group of officers responsible for planning operations and administering an army.

Question 8

Tong-Haks