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Film > Key Words/Ideas, Shot Types Etc > Flashcards

Key Words/Ideas, Shot Types Etc Flashcards

1
Q

Film form

A

How the content is expressed rather than the story itself

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2
Q

Production

A

Period of shooting

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3
Q

Post-production

A

Editing

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4
Q

Pre-production

A

Planning

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5
Q

Auter director

A

A director who in their films you may see recurring visual styles

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6
Q

Verisimilitude

A

Sense of convincing reality

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7
Q

Fps

A

Frames per second

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8
Q

Shot type

A

Distance between the camera and subject

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9
Q

Cinematographer

A

Controls the camera position

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10
Q

Film stock

A

Film type used in a camera

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11
Q

Aspect ratio

A

Size of frame

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12
Q

What are the two standard aspect ratios?

A

2:35:1 1:85:1

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13
Q

Frame rate

A

Frames per second

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14
Q

what is the standard frame rate?

A

24 fps

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15
Q

What is the average shot length?

A

2-3 seconds

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16
Q

What is an extreme long shot often used for?

A

An establishing shot

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17
Q

What two things does a long shot show?

A

Full character
Background

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18
Q

Deep focus shot?

A

Great depth of field from front to back

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19
Q

Shallow focus

A

Part of the shot is out of focus.

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20
Q

Diegetic sound

A

Comes from within the diegesis (the word the characters are in), so the characters can hear it

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21
Q

Non-diegetic sound

A

Not coming from the diegesis e.g. backing music

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22
Q

Parallel sound

A

The sound fits what your seeing e.g. romantic music during a romantic scene.

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23
Q

Contrapuntal sound

A

Sound doesn’t match what you’re seeing.

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24
Q

Continuity editing

A

Filming short shots and compiling them together in post-production.

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25
Q

Birds Eye shot/ overhead shot

A

From above looking down

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26
Q

Worms eye shot

A

From below looking down

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27
Q

Aerial shot

A

From above and moving

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28
Q

Eye level shot

A

In line with eye

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29
Q

Objective camera angle

A

Viewpoint doesn’t belong to any of the characters

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30
Q

Subjective/pov shot

A

Putting the camera in perspective of the character - audience is part of the action

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31
Q

Fixed axis

A

Camera doesn’t move

32
Q

Shifting axis

A

Camera moves eg on a dolly

33
Q

Zoom

A

Camera doesn’t move, creates the illusion of the camera moving

34
Q

Crane shot

A

Camera mounted on a crane ‘arm’.

35
Q

Hand held shot

A

Convincing reality (verisimilitude)

36
Q

When was the french new wave movement?

A

1958-1968

37
Q

What are features of the French new wave movement?

A

Handheld camera
Natural lighting
Filmed on location not sets
Natural performance style

38
Q

What are features of temporal continuity editing?

A

Avoiding ellipsis (cutting things out)
Continuous diegetic sound
Match on action shots

39
Q

How can temporal discontinuity be expressed?

A

Deliberate use of ellipsis eg dissolve, fade.

40
Q

What is the 180 degrees rule?

A

Do not cross the imaginary line you are filming on one side of

41
Q

What is cross cutting?

A

Cutting back and forth between shots of specially unrelated places

42
Q

What are the three elements of 3 point lighting?

A

Back lighting
Key lighting
Fill light

43
Q

What are features of the back light (in 3 point lighting)?

A

-behind the subject
-low intensity
-uses diffusion
-gives foreground object an outline

44
Q

What are features of the key light (3pt lighting)?

A

-brightest light
-at a 45 degree angle to the camera
-primary lighting source
-creates dominant shadows

45
Q

What are the features of fill lighting (3ptl ighting)?

A

-Medium intensity (around 50-75% of key light)
-often at a lower angle
-softens shadows
Reflected off a key light

46
Q

What is chiaroscuro lighting?

A

High contrast lighting
Hash shadows

47
Q

What are features of film noir?

A

-narrative and film aesthetic is dark
-chiaroscuro lighting
-pessimistic
-obtuse camera angles
-neon signs

48
Q

What is the effect of front lighting?

A

-flatter image
-easy to use on a budget
-less depth

49
Q

What is the effect of side lighting?

A

-shadows cause mystery and intrigue
-can lead the audience to a certain object in the frame

50
Q

What is the effect of back lighting?

A

Creates a silhouettes/ ‘halo’ around the subject

51
Q

What is the effect of under lighting?

A

Distorts shadow

52
Q

What is the effect of top lighting?

A

Fills in eye sockets
Menacing
Rarely used alone

53
Q

What is Steve Neale’s theory of genre?

A

Repetition + difference

54
Q

What is Christian Metz’s theory on genre?

A

Genre cycles

55
Q

Explain the 4 stages of Christian Metz’s genre cycle theory.

A
  1. Experimental phase - the filmmakers are not aware that they are making a genre text, just experimenting and not expecting to make a genre.
  2. Classic phase - someone repeats their idea using the original film’s rules/ conventions.
  3. Parody phase - Copy the classic phase but not seriously e.g. a spoof or a pastiche.
  4. Deconstruction phase - deconstruct genre conventions and put it back together in a different way e.g. rom-com deconstructs a romance and builds it in a different way (with comedy).
56
Q

What is a genre hybrid?

A

Mixing 2 genres (part of the experimental phase).

57
Q

What are the two ‘categories’ of lighting intensity?

A

High key
Low key

58
Q

What are the two ‘forms’ of lighting quality?

A

Hard lighting
Soft lighting

59
Q

How do you achieve a hard lighting quality?

A

Use multiple small light sources.

60
Q

How do you achieve a soft lighting quality?

A

Use a large light source.

61
Q

What is grading?

A

Drawing emphasis to colour themes (digitally) during post-production.

62
Q

When did colour film become available?

A

1930’s

63
Q

Before clout film became available how did filmmakers make a film in colour?

A

Colour every frame by hand.

64
Q

What is composition?

A

The arrangement of all the visual elements of mise-en-scene within the frame.
E.g. choice of: camera angle, lighting, placement of people etc.
The way the scene is composed will stimulate a certain audience response.

65
Q

What is the rule of 3rds?

A

A scene can be split into 3rds.
Where the 3rds intersect are called the golden points.

66
Q

What’s are compositional lines?

A

Contours of people, objects buildings etc.

67
Q

What are the 4 types of compositional lines? + their meaning

A

Vertical - strength
Horizontal - restful strength
Diagonal - action
Organic - found in nature

68
Q

What is an implied line?

A

Not an actual line but has key directional elements e.g. a hand gesture

69
Q

What is auteur theory?

A

Implies there is a singular artist responsible for the piece of art.

70
Q

What is an auteur signature?

A

A director’s style that you can identify patters in motifs/styles.

71
Q

What what Sarris say about auteur theory?

A

A director must have a high level of technical competence, personal style and interior meaning to be an auteur.

72
Q

What is Kael’s anti-auteur theory?

A

Auteur theory ‘glorifies trash’ from directors making the same thing over and over.

73
Q

What 5 elements can be identified in a film created by an auteur director?

A

Narrative
Structure
Genre
Style
Theme

74
Q

What is Todorov’s theory of narrative?
(What are the 5 stages?)

A
  1. Equilibrium
  2. Disruption
  3. Recognition of destruction
  4. Resolution phase
  5. Restoration (2nd equilibrium)
75
Q

What is Levi-Strauss’ theory of binary opposites?

A

The easiest way to produce meaning is to maximise the difference between signifying elements.

E.g. good vsbad
Rich vs poor
Male vs female

76
Q

What is Vladimir Propp’s theory of character functions?

A

He said there were patters in the way some narratives were structured and the characters in them. He said that there were 31 narratives and 8 broad character functions.
These are: Hero, Donor, Helper, Dispatcher, Princess, Princess’s father, Villain, False hero.

77
Q

What is vertical integration?

A

A company controls the different stages of product’s process or construction.
The big 5 were vertically integrated.
Had control over the production, distribution and exhibition.

Film (4 decks)

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