Key Words/Facts

Question 1

Jeremy Bentham

Answer 1

• empiricist

- radical liberal

Question 2

John Stewart Mill

Answer 2

• adapts Bentham’s util
• argues that there are higher and lower pleasures
• believed that basic rules needed to be put in place to lead to the greatest balance of good over evil.

Question 3

Utility=

Answer 3

Well

Question 4

Peter Singer

Answer 4

• Australian
• committed campaigns for animal rights
• widens the circle of ethical concern to consider all
• emphasises the quality of life, not the sanctity
• thought that the focus of Util should be on reduction of pain

Question 5

What did Peter Singer argue for in terms of charity?

Answer 5

Give money to those it will effect the most - money to thousands of starving people is correct, money to one person is not so good. e.g. Bill Gates Malaria Fund

Question 6

Example of how Peter Singer reduces suffering of others

Answer 6

He is a vegetarian and gives away 10% of his income to charities

Question 7

What did Singer’s Ted Talk suggest?

Answer 7

Effective Altruism -

The best use of your time is a career; earn money to give it back to those who need it.

Question 8

Biggest issue with Util

Answer 8

‘Mob Rule’ - majority rule means minority is overuled e.g Nazi happniess is to kill - cannot be universalised

Question 9

Hedons

Answer 9

units of happiness

Question 10

Act Util

Answer 10

The principle of utility must be directly applied for each individual situation

Question 11

Rule Util

Answer 11

Focuses on general rules that everyone should follow to bring about the greatest good