Key Words Ch. 13

Question 1

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 1

nervosa—Eating disorder characterized by the continual pursuit of thinness, a distorted body image, and refusal to maintain a weight that is more than 85% of what is considered normal for the person’s age and height.

Question 2

Binge eating disorder

Answer 2

Eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating without purging or fasting.

Question 3

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 3

Eating disorder characterized by recurrent binge eating followed by purging via vomiting, laxatives, diuretics, enemas, and/or exercising.

Question 4

Body objectification

Answer 4

The experience of one’s body being treated as an object to be evaluated and used by others.

Question 5

Clinical depression

Answer 5

Another name for major depressive disorder, the critical feature of which is that the person must have experienced a set of depressive symptoms for a period no shorter than two weeks.

Question 6

Different cause theory

Answer 6

Suggestion that there are different causes of girls’ and boys’ depression and the cause of girls’ depression increases during adolescence.

Question 7

Differential exposure

Answer 7

Idea that men and women are exposed to a different number of or kinds of stressors

Question 8

Differential item functioning

Answer 8

Idea that some items are more likely to be associated with a trait, such as depression, among men versus women.

Question 9

Differential vulnerability

Answer 9

vulnerability—Idea that certain stressors are more strongly linked to distress in one sex than the other.

Question 10

Emotion-focused coping

Answer 10

Approach to stressful situations in which individuals attempt to accommodate themselves to the stressor.

Question 11

Gender intensification

Answer 11

Gender roles becoming salient during adolescence, causing boys and girls to adhere more strongly to these roles.

Question 12

Interactive theory

Answer 12

Suggestion that being female always poses a risk for depression and the events of adolescence activate that risk.

Question 13

Learned helplessness

Answer 13

Learning that our actions are independent of outcomes, which then leads us to stop responding (give up) in other situations.

Question 14

Precipitating factors

Answer 14

Environmental events that trigger the emergence of a disorder (e.g., depression).

Question 15

Problem-focused coping

Answer 15

Approach to stressful situations in which we attempt to alter the stressor itself.

Question 16

Psychological reactance

Answer 16

Reaction to a perceived threat to control that involves doing the opposite of what is demanded.

Question 17

Relative coping

Answer 17

Likelihood that men or women use one coping strategy compared to another strategy.

Question 18

Same cause theory

Answer 18

Suggestion that the same factor could cause depression in both men and women, but the factor increases during adolescence only for girls.

Question 19

Susceptibility factors

Answer 19

Innate, usually biological, factors that place one group (e.g., women) at greater risk for a disorder (e.g., depression) than another group.