key words Flashcards

1
Q

Persistent vegetative state [PVS]

A

condition where patient w/ severe brain damage is in a state of very limited arousal rather than true awareness/consciousness - usually regarded as irreversible

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2
Q

Palliative care

A

use of drugs & medicine to relieve pain w/out killing patient

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3
Q

Vitalism

A

view that human life is always sacred because it possesses a God-given soul

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4
Q

Slippery slope

A

argument claiming if a rule is weakened - even for good reasons - then what eventually follows if rule is weakened will be highly undersirable

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5
Q

Eugenics - ‘the production of good offspring’

A

used to justify producing racially/intellectually ‘superior’ humans thru selective breeding & termination of ‘inferior’ humans

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6
Q

Strong sanctity of life principle

A

belief that human life is always valuable from conception to natural death; no exceptions, all human life shld be equally protected’

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7
Q

Ordinary and Extraordinary means

A

means which are obligatory [ordinary]& those which are additional [extraordinary]

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8
Q

Incarnation

A

christian teaching: God became human in form of Jesus Christ

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9
Q

Intrinsic value

A

something/someone is of independant value

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10
Q

Blasphemy

A

dishonouring God by setting oneself up to his equal/greater than he is

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11
Q

Weak sanctity of life principle

A

belief there may be situations where it’d cause more harm than good to continue life

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12
Q

quality of life principle

A

human life has to possess certain qualities to be valuable [i.e. exp of happiness, having autonomy, being conscious]

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13
Q

Liberal principle [as developed by Mill & others]

A

as humans are best judge of own happiness, should be given maximum freedom/liberty to live as consider appropriate

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14
Q

Paternalism - ‘act in a fatherly way’

A

justifies overiding a person’s autonomy if for their own good

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15
Q

Acts & omissions

A

distinguishes between willing to do ‘x’ [morally acceptable] and omitting/refraininf from doing ‘x’ [not morally acc. if ‘x’ was to be acting immorally]

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16
Q

QALY [quality adjusted life-year]

A

takes into account both quantity & quality of life generated by healthcare - calculation of life expectancy & measure of quality of rem. years

17
Q

Empirical

A

gaining knowledge thru observation & exp rather than logic/theory

18
Q

The dead donor rule

A

when thereˋs no brain activity & no body function

19
Q

Personhood

A

quality/condition of being an indiviual person

20
Q

Dignity

A

state/quality of being worthy of honour/respect