Key Words

Question 1

Monomer

Answer 1

a molecule that can be bonded to other identical monomers to form a polymer e.g. DNA, RNA, Starch

Question 2

polymer

Answer 2

a large molecule made of repeating smaller molecules called monomers

Question 3

polymerisation

Answer 3

the process of joining monomers in a chemical reaction

Question 4

condensation reaction

Answer 4

joins two molecules together with the formation of a chemical bond and involves the elimination of water

Question 5

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 5

breaks a chemical bond between two molecules and involves the use of a water molecule

Question 6

glycosidic bond

Answer 6

a bond formed between two monosaccharides

Question 7

polar molecule

Answer 7

has a partial positive charge in one part of the molecule and complementary negative charge in another part

Question 8

non-polar molecule

Answer 8

the electrons are shared equally between the nuclei, so the distribution ozf charge is even and the force of attraction between different molecules is small

Question 9

saturated

Answer 9

all the carbon atoms are linked with the maximum number of hydrogen atoms and there and there are no double carbon (C=C) bonds

Question 10

unsaturated

Answer 10

molecules with one or more double carbon bonds

Question 11

emulsion

Answer 11

a fine dispersion of minute droplets of one liquid in another in which it is not soluble or miscible

Question 12

amino group

Answer 12

NH2 group which has an overall positive charge

Question 13

carboxyl group

Answer 13

COOH group which has an overall negative charge

Question 14

chromatography

Answer 14

a process which is used to separate mixtures

Question 15

dipeptide bond

Answer 15

a bond which is formed between two amino acids

Question 16

polypeptide

Answer 16

a polymer consisting of amino acids joined together in a process of polymerisation

Question 17

prosthetic group

Answer 17

a non-protein group which form part of or is associated with a protein

Question 18

DNA replication

Answer 18

the process by which an exact or identical copy of DNA is produced before cell division

Question 19

semi-conservative replication

Answer 19

each of the two new DNA molecules contains one strand from the original DNA molecule and one new strand

Question 20

Double helix

Answer 20

two DNA polynucleotide strands, twisted around each other and held in place by hydrogen bonds

Question 21

Complimentary bases

Answer 21

The nucleotides in a base pair are complimentary which means the shape allows them to bond together with hydrogen bonds. The A-T pair forms to hydrogen bonds. The C-G pair forms three. The hydrogen bonding between complimentary bases hold to the two strands of DNA together.

Question 22

Polynucleotide strand

Answer 22

A polymer, composed of a number of monomers called nucleotides, joined together by phosphodiester bonds

Question 23

DNA helicase

Answer 23

An enzyme that unwinds the DNA double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between complimentary nucleotide base pairs.

Question 24

DNA polymerase

Answer 24

The enzyme joint adjacent nucleotides (to form a new polynucleotide strand)