key words Flashcards
common noun
word for a thing that is tangible, e.g. chair, penguin, man, arsonist, murderer, ghost, crumpet, trumpet.
Abstract noun
naming word for an idea, concept, state of being or belief, e.g.
tidiness, sadness
Proper noun
a naming word for a specific example of a common noun often names or specific people.
Verb
a word that represents an action or process eg a doing word.
active verb
a word that represents a physical action
stative verb
a word that represents a process that is often only mental e.g think
auxiliary verb
a verb that has to be used with another verb in order to create present participles or the future tense e.g “did you go?”
modal verb
an auxiliary verb that express a degree of either possibility or necessity.
adjective
a describing word
superlative
an adjective that displays the most extreme value of its quality e.g biggest
comparative
an adjective that relates one thing in some way to another and usually ends in “er”
definite article
the
indefinite article
a or an
pronoun
a word that takes the place of a noun in a sentence, eg him,her
first person pronoun
i, and the first personal plural; we,our
second person pronoun
you.
third person pronoun
him,her,he,she, and the third person plural; them, those.
possessive pronoun
my, mine, our, your, his
demonstrative pronoun
this, that, those
monosyllabic lexis
words of one syllable
polysyllabic lexis
words of two or more syllable
imperative sentence mood
when a sentence is issuing a command
declarative sentence mood
when a sentence is making a statement
interrogative sentence mood
when a sentence is asking a question
exclamatory sentence mood
when a sentence conveys a strong sense of emotion, sense of alarm or overly strong emphasis
register
the level of formality of a text
tenor
the tone, or the relationship between author and reader and how it is created
attitudes
the opinions expressed in the text
content
what the text is about
context
things outside the text which may shape its meaning eg who wrote it
form
the structure and shape of a text
themes
the recurring ideas and images in a text
colloquialism
informal language usage eg fella, bum
exclamation
a one word sentence with an exclamation mark at the end
ellipsis
when parts of a written structure are missing in texts sometimes they are indicated by three full stops in a row
syntax
the way words form sentences
parenthesis
an aside within a text created by sectioning off extra information between brackets,dashes or between two commas
rhetorical question
a question designed not to be answered
hydrophobia
when a rhetorical question is immediately followed by an answer in a text
hyperbole
deliberate over exaggeration of things for effect
litotes
deliberate downplaying of things for effect
parallelism
the creation of patterns in a text, through repetition of words or phases
repetition
the repetition of words or phrases
tricolon / tripling
grouping in threes, either through repetition or structure
imagery
a descriptive or metaphorical use of language to create a vivid picture
post modification
a descriptive technique where the descriptive words come after the thing they are describing
metaphor
a comparison that states that something is like or as something else
simile
a comparison that states that something is actually something else
synecdoche
a metaphor that states that something is only a small constituent part of itself eg “hes behind bars” (prison)
analogy
explaining something in terms of something else
allusion
to refer to something indirectly or metaphorically
pathetic fallacy
when the environment or weather mirrors emotions
personification
a device in which non human is given personal and human qualities
extended metaphor
when a metaphor continues throughout a text with recurring references to the compered item
Homeric / epic simile
the Homeric part refers to homers odyssey to connote length and recurrence
symbolism
using figurative and metaphoric language, items or incident in a way that means that certain things represent other things, e.g. a color could represent the sadness of a character
lexis
another word for the word “word”
field specific lexis
this language of a certain area eg field specific lexis for computing would be mouse.
