Key Words

Question 1

Organelle

Answer 1

A part of a cell with a particular function

Question 2

Cell Membrane

Answer 2

A semi-permeable layer which controls what goes in and out of a cell

Question 3

Mitochondria

Answer 3

Organelle where aerobic respiration takes place

Question 4

Chloroplast

Answer 4

Organelle where photosynthesis takes place

Question 5

Ribosomes

Answer 5

Organelle where the protein synthesis occurs

Question 6

Cytoplasm

Answer 6

The contents of the cell, containing fluid and various dissolved substances

Question 7

Cell Wall

Answer 7

The outermost surface that provides structure and support for the cell (usually a plant or bacteria cell)

Question 8

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 8

A series of enzyme controlled reactions which produce ATP using glucose and oxygen. CGH1206 + 602 –> 6CO2 + 6H20

Question 9

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 9

Makes ATP, without the use of oxygen and makes ethanol/lactic acid. C6H12O6 –> 2C3H6O3

Question 10

Photosynthesis

Answer 10

A series of enzyme controlled reactions which produce glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide, water and light energy

Question 11

ATP

Answer 11

Adenosine triphosphate, ATP is a molecule used as energy for cellular functions

Question 12

Limiting Factor

Answer 12

A required factor for photosynthesis, which can restrict the rate at which photosynthesis takes place

Question 13

Enzyme

Answer 13

A protein which speeds up the rate of biological reactions

Question 14

Subtract

Answer 14

A reactant of an enzyme controlled reaction

Question 15

Active site

Answer 15

The location on an enzyme in which the substrate binds to

Question 16

Co-factor

Answer 16

A substance which enhances the ability of an enzyme to assist a reaction

Question 17

Enzyme inhabitor

Answer 17

A substance which prevents a substrate binding to the active site of an enzyme

Question 18

Substrate

Answer 18

Surface on which chemical reactions are performed

Question 19

Cristae

Answer 19

The folds of the inner membrane within a mitochondria

Question 20

Matrix

Answer 20

The solution of fluid, enzymes and reactants within the inner membrane of a mitochondria

Question 21

Thylakoid

Answer 21

A membranous disc containing fluid, reactants and enzymes inside a chloroplast

Question 22

Grana

Answer 22

A stack of thykloids within a chloroplast, which greatly increase surface area for light absorption and transport of reactants/enzymes

Question 23

Stroma

Answer 23

Transparent fluid surrounding grana inside chloroplasts

Question 24

Passive transport

Answer 24

Transport that does not require energy - from an area of high concentration to the area of low concentration (with the concentration gradient)

Question 25

Osmosis

Answer 25

The transport of water through a semi-permeable from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 26

Active transport

Answer 26

Transport which requires energy - from an area of high concentration to the area of low concentration (with the concentration gradient)

Question 27

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 27

The movement of a substance from from an area of high concentration to the area of low concentration through a protein channel within a membrane

Question 28

Mitosis

Answer 28

Cell division for growth and repair, creates genetically identical daughter cells

Question 29

DNA replication

Answer 29

Also known as inter-phase, when the DNA replicates

Question 30

Semi-conservative

Answer 30

New strands of DNA are made of half old DNA and new nucleotide ensuring a more accurate duplication

Question 31

Denature

Answer 31

When a protein permanently changes structure, due to high temp. or a change in pH