key words Flashcards
what are dalmation coastlines/ pacific coastlines?
^rise in sea level^
distinctive submergent feature where valleys have been flooded leaving a series of islands parallel to coastline
(Croatia)
characteristics of destructive waves
weak swash, strong backwash
created in stormy conditions becoming frequent.
paired with high energy environments leading to landforms of erosion
define dynamic equilibrium
affected by natural and human variation
a state of balance where inputs and outputs are changing.
erosional and depositional processes fall into feedback cycles
what is eustatic change?
A global change in sea level as a result of cryospheric processes such as glacial melt or hydropsheric processes such as the thermohaline circulation
tectonic activity can also cause eustatic change as can rising temperatures as a result of climate change
what can cause eustatic change?
thermal expansion
glacial meltwater/ temperature
ice ages
define coastal morphology
origin and evolution of a coastline
what is isostatic change?
variation land height in relation to sea level. this causes a LOCALised sea level change
what can cause isostatic change?
during glacial periods, build up of ice can cause COMPRESSION so land sinks.
ice can melt leading to DECOMPRESSION/isostatic rebound so land rises
what is Coastal Recession
The retreat of a coastline due to erosion, sea-level rise or submergence.
what are discordant coastlines?
A coastline where bands of alternate geology run perpendicular to the shore.
what is the difference between Concordant coasts and Discordant coastlines?
A concordants coastlines have bands of alternate geology running parallel to the coast.
Discordant coastlines allow for the formation of distintive erosional landforms
what is Fetch?
The distance the wave travels before it reaches the coastline.
examples of submergent landforms
fjords - u shaped glacial valleys. (Milford Sound N.Z)
rias - v shaped river valleys (Kingsbridge estuary Devon)
dalmations coatlines
what are examples of emergent landforms
raised beaches (isle of Arran, Scotland) relic cliffs arch, stacks, stumps, wcn (old harry dorset, holderness)
define geology
The structure and arrangement of a rock
what is lithology (sediment, metamorph, igneous)
charactersitics of the rock.
Is it easy to erode? do the managment blend in well with the distinctive colours?
geology/crystal arrangement affects this!!
marine factors
terrestal factors
erosion, depostision, transportation
subaerial P, geology,
characteristics of constructive waves
strong swash, weak backwash, low frequency
seen in low energy envrionments leading to coastal landforms of depostion
define Mass Movement
downwards movement of material under INFLUENCE of gravity
define weathering
Weathering is the breakdown of rocks.
can become inputs into another sediment cell
what is erosion?
removal of sediment from coastline
COLLABorative process
strategies used in SMP’s
Hold the Line
Advance the Line
Managed Realignment
No Active Intervention
what is an SMP?
holistic way of managing a sediment cell as part of ICZM. by identifing natural and human activities in the coastal area and implementing the appropiate coastal strategies
often more SUSTAINABLE than traditonal but doesn’t directly deal with issue at hand
what are envrionmental refugees
migration due to sea level rise (kiribati)
how has Kiribati responded to its isostatic change?
obtained 20km² land from Fiji and residents can opt into “migration with dignity” to N.Z and are
^adapting^.
land used to provide food security as the archipelago groundwater supply becoming saline
What is the difference between beach accretion
beach excavation?
accretion can be ued for mangroves
the build up of a beach / accumuluation so involves constructive waves whilst
excavation involves destructive waves which remove sediment/ erode the beach
How is a swash-aligned beach formed?
Wave crests approach perpendicular to coast.
less longshore drift so less transportation along beach of sediment
leading to the formation of a shingle beach with larger sediment
How is a drift-aligned formed?
Waves approach at a significant angle to coast
increased rate of longshore drift so more transportation.
may lead to the formation of a spit containing smaller, finer sediment than at the top of the beach
