Key words

Question 1

asthma

Answer 1

chronic inflammatory disease in both of large and small airways
wheezing
breathlessness
tight chest

Question 2

COPD

Answer 2

chronic disease, caused by smoking
non-atopic
daily productive cough
progressive breathlessness
emphysema-no breath sound
chronic bronchitis- wheezing

Question 3

Inflammation

Answer 3

Inflammation causes the inner lining of the airways to swell and mucus to be produced. It makes the airways more sensitive to asthma triggers

Question 4

airway hyper-reactivity

Answer 4

airway becomes excessively twitchy and sensitive to exogenous stimuli (haven’t got this, haven’t got asthma)

Question 5

atopy

Answer 5

due to allergy

Question 6

airway remodelling

Answer 6

structural changes that occur in both large and small airways relevant to asthma
( subepithelial fibrosis, increased smooth muscle mass, gland enlargement, neovascularization and epithelial alterations.)

Question 7

eosinophilic

Answer 7

asthma airway inflammation

Question 8

neutrophilic

Answer 8

COPD airway inflammation

Question 9

TH2 cytokines

Answer 9

Th2 cells secrete inter leukin 4 and inter leukin 5

Question 10

chronic bronchitis

Answer 10

one type of COPD - The inflamed bronchial tubes produce a lot of mucus. This leads to coughing and difficulty breathing (wheezing)

Question 11

emphysema

Answer 11

collagen in alveolar walls breaks down, air sacs are damaged
creating larger air spaces instead of many small ones.
gas exchange is impaired

Question 12

anti-protease

Answer 12

anti proteases are genetic components which protect smokers from emphysema