Key Words Flashcards
What are the two categories of material properties?
Physical and Mechanical
What is the Stock Form of materials?
Set of standard sizes materials are available
Mechanical properties are…
… associated with how the material reacts to an outside force
Physical properties are…
…associated with the actual makeup or structure of the material
Mechanical properties of materials are:
- Compressive strength
- Tensile strength
- Bending strength
- Shear strength
- Torsional strength
- Hardness
- Toughness
- Plasticity
- Ductility
- Malleability
- Elasticity
Compressive strength refers to…
… The ability to withstand being crushed or shortened by pushing forces (compression)
Tensile strength refers to…
… the ability to resist stretching or pulling forces (tension)
Bending Strength refers to…
… the ability to resist forces the may bend the material
Shear strength refers to…
… the ability to resist sliding forces on a parallel plane
Torsional strength refers to…
…the ability to withstand twisting forces from applied torque or torsion
Hardness refers to…
… the ability to resist abrasive wear such as scratching, surface indentation or cutting
Toughness refers to…
… the ability to absorb impact forces without fracture
Plasticity refers to…
… the ability to be permanently deformed (Shaped) and retain the deformed shape
Ductility refers to…
… the ability to be drawn out under tension, reducing the cross-sectional area without cracking
Malleability refers to…
… the ability to withstand deformation by compression without cracking. Malleability increases with a rise in temperature.
Elasticity refers to…
… the ability to be deformed and the return to its original shape when force is removed.
Physical properties are:
- Electrical properties (Electrical Conductor and Electrical Insulator)
- Thermal properties (Thermal conductor, Thermal insulator and thermal expansion)
- Optical properties (opaque, translucent, transparent, density, fusibility, magnetism and corrosion/degrading resistant)
An example of an Electrical Property is Electrical Conductivity.
Electrical Conductivity…
… allows the flow of electrical current through the material. A good conductor gives very little resistance to the flow of charge
An example of an Electrical Property is Electrical Insulation.
Electrical Insulation…
… does not allow the flow of electricity through the material
An Example of a Thermal Property is Thermal Conductor.
A Thermal Conductor…
… allows the transfer of heat energy through the material. A material with high thermal conductivity allows the transfer of heat to occur quickly across the material
An Example of a Thermal Property is Thermal Insulator.
A Thermal Insulator…
… prevents the transfer of heat across the material
An Example of a Thermal Property is Thermal Expansion.
Thermal Expansion…
… the increase in material volume in response to a heat input
An Example of an Optical Property is Opaque.
Opaque means…
… it prevents light from going through
An Example of an Optical Property is Translucent.
Translucent…
…allows light through but diffuses the light so the object appears blurry. ie frosted glass
An Example of an Optical Property is Transparent.
Transparent…
… Allows light to pass through easily so you can see clearly through the material.
An Example of an Optical Property is Density.
Density is…
… the mass of material in a standard volume of space
An Example of an Optical Property is Fusibility.
Fusibility is…
… the ability to fuse or be converted from a solid to a liquid or molten state, usually by heat. Good fusibility is an essential property for a metal being cast.
An Example of an Optical Property is Magnetism.
Magnetism is…
… the natural forces between objects that causes the material to attract iron or steel.
An Example of an Optical Property is Corrosion/Degradation resistance.
Corrosion/Degradation resistance is…
… the ability of a material to withstand environmental attacks and decay.
