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A-Level Christianity > Key Words > Flashcards

Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

doctrine of accommodation

A

proposes that ‘accommodated’ God’s self to humanity by using relevant and understandable terms and concepts. This may be used to explain, for example, why biblical creation narratives are closer to other mythologies of the time than they are to modern scientific understandings.

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2
Q

apocryphal

A

texts concerning biblical times or figures, but which are not part of the biblical canon. Typically of unknown or disputed authorship and dubious authenticity.

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3
Q

Deuterocanonical

A

a collection of books not considered to be canonical (they are apocryphal) by Protestant and Hebrew scholars but included in the Old Testament by Catholics.
As they were not a part of the Hebrew Canon (Tanak), Christians have disputed whether they should form a part of the biblical canon.

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4
Q

ascetic ideal

A

the use of asceticism to ultimately preserve power and life

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5
Q

asceticism

A

abstinence from worldly pleasures (e.g pleasurable physical experiences or material possessions), normally for the sake of spiritual growth.

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6
Q

atonement

A

an action, or series of actions, carried out to remove guilt. - used by Christians as a means of understanding the significance of Jesus’ death.

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7
Q

augustine

A

early Christian theologian and philosopher

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8
Q

baptism

A

the rite whereby a person is made a member of the church

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9
Q

adult/believers baptism

A

the voluntary baptism of adults who have declared belief in Jesus

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10
Q

infant baptism

A

the baptism of an infant authorised by their parents to remove latent original sin

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11
Q

Karl Barth

A

Highly influential reformed Protestant theologian

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12
Q

birth narratives

A

accounts in the gospel of Matthew and Luke of the conception and birth of Jesus of Nazareth.

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13
Q

canon (biblical)

A

the biblical canon is the list of books considered to be authoritative scripture, and which therefore make up the Christian bible. Note that the books included and the order they appear in differs between Christian denominations.

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14
Q

Charismatic Movement

A

a movement within the Christian Church that emphasises spiritual gifts of the Holy Sprit and worships in a vibrant, charismatic, style.

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15
Q

Christmas

A

the annual celebration of Jesus’ birth

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16
Q

Christus Victor theory

A

a view on atonement which states that Jesus’ death defeated the powers of evil which had dominated humankind. Through his death, Jesus rescued or liberated humanity from the slavery of sin.

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17
Q

conscience

A

a moral sense of right and wrong; inner feeling as to the goodness or otherwise

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18
Q

consubstantiation

A

the doctrine (particularly in protestant Lutheran beliefs) that the body and blood of Jesus Christ co-exist with - but are not the same as - the bread and wine used in the celebration of the Eucharist.

Christ is spiritually, but not physically, present.

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19
Q

Council of Trent

A

Roman Catholic council held in Northern Italy between 1545 and 1563 in response to the Protestant Reformation. Famously defined the relationship between Faith and Works in justification and had a lasting impact on Catholic liturgy and practice.

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20
Q

Critical Realism

A

the idea that there are real objects beyond ourselves but that our understandings of it are tainted by our own worldview.

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21
Q

Easter

A

the annual festival of Jesus’ death and resurrection. A Christian interpretation of the Jewish festival of Passover.

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22
Q

Ecumenical Movement

A

the Christian movement that aims to encourage dialogue and informal unification between Christian denominations

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23
Q

Eucharist

A

One of the titles used to describe the rite of the Christian Church associated with the last supper. Bread and wine is shared amongst participants. Also known as ‘Communion’.

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24
Q

Exclusivism

A

the belief that there is only one true religion

25
Q

Fourth Lateran Council

A

Roman Catholic Council held in 1215 that put forward the idea of Transubstantiation.

26
Q

God of gaps

A

A theological viewpoint that gaps in our scientific knowledge are evidence of a divine existence

27
Q

harmonisation

A

the attempt to reconcile two or more contradictory biblical accounts

28
Q

impassibility

A

the doctrine that God does not experience emotions based on, or caused by, the actions of others (e.g pleasure, pain, passion)

29
Q

doctrine of the incarnation

A

the belief within Christian theology that the second person of the trinity - the Holy Son- became human in the man of Jesus of Nazareth through being born of the Holy Spirit through the woman Mary.

30
Q

inclusivism

A

the belief that, while only one religion is true, other may be partially true as well

31
Q

inspiration

A

specific works of biblical authors were divinely led or guided, with the result that biblical texts may be considered the authentic word of God.

32
Q

justification by faith alone

A

the idea that it is only belief in Jesus that makes people worthy before God

33
Q

justification by works alone

A

the idea that good acts make people worthy before God.

34
Q

kenotic model

A

comes from Greek word “to make empty”.
Aims to solve the difficulties of Jesus being both human and divine.
Idea of Jesus “emptying himself” by setting aside some of his divine qualities or his own will to become submissive to God.
Used to emphasise the importance of service and submission.

35
Q

kerygma

A

the initial and essential proclamation of the gospel

36
Q

liberation theology

A

a theology of oppression whereby God is said to have a preference for the poor and the Church has a mandate to pursue systems that promote justice and equality.

37
Q

Martin Luther

A

Author of the German Protestant Reformation

38
Q

memorialism

A

A popular Protestant way of celebrating the Eucharist. The belief that the Eucharist is merely an act of commemorating Jesus.

39
Q

Moral example theory

A

theory of atonement suggests that Jesus’ life and death primarily provide a moral example to humanity. It can inspire humankind to lift itself out of sin and seek unity with God.

Christ did not die to satisfy any principle of divine justice, but rather to impress humankind with God’s love and encourage people to repent.

40
Q

Ordination

A

the name of the process by which individuals are prepared to act as leaders within the Church. This normally includes the ability and permission to perform particular religious rites.

41
Q

pluralism

A

the belief that all religions are equal and valid paths to God

42
Q

prosperity gospel

A

the belief that financial means and success is a blessing from God and that faith and/or good acts will result in reward from God.

43
Q

redaction criticism

A

a method of biblical scholarship where authors are viewed as creative interpreters of their source material

44
Q

religious liberty

A

the freedom of individuals and groups to teach, observe and practice a given religion or belief system

45
Q

resurrection

A

the means by which the dead return to life after they have died

46
Q

reverse missionary movement

A

evangelists being sent to the West from areas that traditionally received missionary attention from the West.

47
Q

sacrament

A

sacred ceremonies believed to be a means by which grace is conferred onto believers.

“an outward and visible sign of an inward and spiritual grace”

48
Q

stewardship

A

the belief that human beings are responsible for caring for the earth and the beings and resources on it. Within Christianity, this is usually paired with the belief that the earth was created by God.

49
Q

substantial presence

A

the whole and entire presence of both the divine and human aspects of Jesus Christ

50
Q

transubstantiation

A

A belief that the bread and wine taken at the Eucharist is the actual body and blood of Christ.

51
Q

substitution theory

A

the idea that Jesus’s death was a substitute for others.

1) Jesus’s death was a sacrifice to free humanity
2) the debt of sin was owed to the divine by the people (human). Only Jesus was both human and divine so only he could act as sacrifice.

52
Q

transfinalization

A

the term used by Catholic theologian Karl Rahner (in place of transubstantiation) to express his belief that the purpose of the bread and wine is altered by the words of the consecration.

53
Q

transignification

A

the belief that, at the moment of consecration, the bread and wine of the Eucharist take on the real significance of the body and blood of Christ but are not physically present.
A popular Protestant viewpoint.

54
Q

universalism

A

Broadly, the belief that all humans will be saved

55
Q

Western Christianity

A

The Latin, or Catholic, Church and a number of Protestant denominations.

56
Q

World Council of Churches

A

An international organisation of most Christian churches (excluding the Catholic Church) which aims to encourage dialogue and understanding between denominations.

57
Q

World Missionary Conference

A

Held in 1910 in Edinburgh as a convergence of major protestant movements and mission groups.

58
Q

Ulrich Zwingli

A

Leader of the Protestant reformation in Switzerland

A-Level Christianity (3 decks)

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