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Component 1 - Our Natural World > Key Words > Flashcards

Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The ability of a landscape to absorb the activity of people without any lasting damage.

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2
Q

Honey pot sites

A

Places that attract many tourists and which are often congested at peak times.

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3
Q

Upland

A

A landscape that is hilly or mountainous. Upland landscapes contain large areas of open space with few field boundaries.

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4
Q

Abrasion

A

Erosion caused by friction which occurs when a river carries sand, gravel or pebbles and uses them to wear away the landscape.

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5
Q

Attrition

A

A type of erosion where rocks smash against each other making them smaller and more rounded.

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6
Q

Deposition

A

The laying down of material in the landscape. Deposition occurs when the force that was carrying the sediment is reduced.

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7
Q

Drainage basin

A

The area a river collects its water from. This is also called the river’s catchment area.

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8
Q

Floodplain

A

The flat area beside a river channel that is covered in water during a flood event.

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9
Q

Gorges

A

Steep sided, narrow valleys often found below a waterfall.

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10
Q

Hydraulic action

A

Erosion caused when water and air are forced into gaps in rock or soil.

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11
Q

Meander

A

A sweeping curve or bend in the river’s course

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12
Q

Plunge pool

A

The pool of water found at the base of a waterfall. Plunge pools are erosional features created by abrasion and hydraulic action of the plunging water

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13
Q

Slip-off slope

A

The gentle slope on a river beach (or point bar) that is formed by deposition of sediment on the inside bend of a meander.

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14
Q

Transport (in rivers)

A

The movement of material as it is carried by a river through the landscape.

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15
Q

Arches

A

Natural arch-shaped features in cliffs on the coastline that are formed by the erosion of a cave in a headland.

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16
Q

Fetch

A

The distance over which wind has blown to create waves on the sea. The greater the fetch, the larger the waves.

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17
Q

Landslide

A

The sudden collapse of a hillside under its own weight. Landslides are sometimes triggered on a cliff by erosion at the foot of the slope.

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18
Q

Longshore drift

A

A process by which beach material Is moved along the coast.

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19
Q

Retreat

A

The gradual backward movement of a landform due to the process of erosion. The coastline retreats due to the erosion of a cliff.

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20
Q

Rock falls

A

The sudden collapse of rocks from a cliff or steep slope.

21
Q

Spits

A

Coastal landforms formed by the deposition of sediment in a low mound where the coastline changes direction, for example, at the mouth of a river.

22
Q

Stacks

A

Natural features of an eroded cliff landscape. Stacks are formed by the collapse of a sea arch.

23
Q

Wave-cut notch

A

A slot with overhanging rocks that has been cut into the bottom of a cliff by wave action.

24
Q

Wave-cut platform

A

A coastal landform made of rocky shelf in front of a cliff. The wave cut platform is caused by erosion and left by the retreat of the cliff.

25
Q

Annual regime

A

The way in which a river’s discharge varies throughout the year.

26
Q

Discharge

A

The amount of water flowing through a river channel or out of an aquifer. Discharge is measured in cubic metres per second (cumecs).

27
Q

Hydrograph

A

A type of line graph that shows variation in discharge of a river. Time, which is on the horizontal axis, could be in hours, days or weeks.

28
Q

Overland flow

A

The flow of water across the ground surface.

29
Q

Throughflow

A

The downhill flow of water through soil.

30
Q

Ageing population

A

A country which has a high proportion of people aged over 65 is said to have an ageing population.

31
Q

Brownfield site

A

A development site where older buildings are demolished or renovated before a new development takes place

32
Q

Hard engineering

A

Artificial structures such as sea walls or concrete river embankments.

33
Q

Hazard map

A

A type of plan or map that shows the extent of a hazard such as flood risk.

34
Q

Managed retreat (realignment)

A

A coastal management strategy in which creates a natural line of defence against flooding which is further inland than before.

35
Q

Shoreline Management Plan

A

The plan that details how a local authority will manage each stretch of coastline in the UK in the future.

36
Q

Small Island Developing States

A

58 small and remote islands and coastal communities that are vulnerable to sea level rise and the effects of climate change.

37
Q

Soft engineering

A

Alternative method of reducing floods by planting trees or allowing areas to flood naturally.

38
Q

Vulnerability

A

The risk experienced during a natural disaster such as a coastal flood. Some groups of people in society are more vulnerable to risk than others.

39
Q

Global circulation system

A

The movement of air around the world

40
Q

High pressure weather

A

When cold air presses down on Earth. Generally leads to clear, and pleasant, weather.

41
Q

Prevailing wind

A

Wind from the most common direction in any given place

42
Q

Beaufort Scale

A

Measure used to measure wind

43
Q

Convectional rainfall

A

Rainfall, often heavy, that occurs when thick clouds form because of warm air rising quickly

44
Q

Relief rainfall

A

Rainfall that occurs when clouds rise up over mountains

45
Q

Frontal rainfall

A

Rainfall that occurs when warm air rises over cold air

46
Q

Storm surges

A

Abnormal rises in sea level that occur when low air pressure raises sea levels, especially when a tropical storm nears land

47
Q

Ridge push

A

Gravitational force that causes a plate to move away from the crest of an ocean ridge, and into a subduction zone

48
Q

Fold mountains

A

Fold mountains are formed when two plates move together. The movement of the two plates forces rocks upwards into a series of folds

49
Q

U-shaped valleys

A

Valleys in a U shaped created by a glacier moving downwards

Component 1 - Our Natural World (1 decks)

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