Key Words Flashcards
musculoskeletal system
the name used to describe the muscular system and the skeletal system working together
articulating bones
bones that meet at a joint to enable movement
synovial joint
an area of the body where two or more articulating bones meet
extension
increase in the angle of bones at a joint
flexion
decrease in the angle of bones at a joint
abduction
movement of a bone or limb away from the midline of the body
adduction
movement of a bone or limb towards the midline of the body
rotation
a circular movement around a joint/an axis
plantar flexion
movement at the ankle joint that points the toes and increases the angle at the ankle joint
dorsiflexion
movement at the ankle joint that flexes the foot upwards and decreases the angle at the joint
tendon
connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone, its role is to transfer the effort created by a contracting muscle to the bone, resulting in the movement of that bone
prime mover/agonist
the muscle or group of muscles that contract to create movement
antagonist
the muscle or group of muscles that relax to allow a movement to take place
isotonic contraction
a muscle contraction where the muscle changes length when it contracts, resulting in limb movement. Isotonic contractions can be concentric (when the muscle contracts and shortens) or eccentric (when the muscle contracts and lengthens)
isometric contraction
a muscle contraction where the length of the muscle does not change when it contracts, there is no limb movement as a result
cardio-respiratory system
the name used to describe the respirator system and the cardiovascular system working together
gaseous exchange
the process where oxygen from the air in the alveoli moves into the blood in the capillaries, while carbon dioxide moves from the blood in the capillaries into the air in the alveoli
haemoglobin
the protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen (as oxyhaemoglobin) and carbon dioxide around the body
