Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

Brahmanism

A

The Vedic belief in Brahman, the universal spirit that contains all

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2
Q

Historical Vedic Era

A

When the Vedas were written. India (1500-500 BCE)

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3
Q

The Vedas

A

Religious scriptures in four groups

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4
Q

The Upanishads

A

A final section of the Vedas, They contain philosophical reflections about the nature of the universe

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5
Q

Samsara

A

Reincarnation

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6
Q

Dharma

A

One’s religious duty according to one’s caste

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7
Q

Karma

A

The result of one’s intentional actions, Causes ascent or decent of the caste system

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8
Q

Moksha

A

Liberation from rebirth, merger with Braman, The human goal of Brahmanism

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9
Q

Sramana

A

means “one who seeks the truth by means of asceticism” Critics of Brahmanism

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10
Q

Asceticism

A

Denial of bodily pleasures for the purpose of achieving spiritual goals

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11
Q

Jainism

A

A Sramana movement that teaches non-violence and love towards all living things.

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12
Q

Mahavira

A

The historical founder of Jainism who was born in Bihar, India, in 599 BCE and lived to the age of 72

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13
Q

Jinas

A

Jain spiritual conquerors who have achieved liberation and perfection

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14
Q

Tirthankaras

A

24 spiritual leaders called “ford-makers”, of whom Mahavira was the last

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15
Q

Ajivika

A

A Sramana movement. Their founder taught niyati, the determinism of the universe down to the smallest atom

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16
Q

Ajnana

A

A Sramana movement. They claimed knowledge of philosophical propositions was impossible or usless

17
Q

Charvaka

A

A Sramana movement. They claimed that direct perception is necessary for knowledge

18
Q

Siddhartha Gutama

A

The original Historical founder of Buddism (c.563/480 BCE - c.483-400BCE)

19
Q

King Shuddhodana

A

Siddhartha’s father. A king of the Kshatriya castle

20
Q

Asita

A

A seer who made a prediction about Siddhartha

21
Q

Yasodhara and Rahula

A

Siddhartha’s wife and son

22
Q

Chandra

A

Siddhartha’s charioteer

23
Q

The 4 passing signs

A

An old person, a dead person, a diseased person, a Sramana

24
Q

Renunciation

A

Renouncing the world and its pleasures

25
Q

Enlightenment

A

A sudden realisation of an important truth

26
Q

The 3 poisons

A

Greed (raga), Hatred (dvesha) and Ignorance (moha)

27
Q

Nirvana

A

The condition reached by those who have become fully enlightened. Means “extinction (of the desire flame)”

28
Q

Budda

A

A title. Means “enlightened one”

29
Q

Brahma Sahampati

A

A God who begged the Budda to share his knowledge

30
Q

Dhamma

A

The Budda’s teaching

31
Q

A Stupa

A

Monuments built over Siddhartha’s remains

32
Q

punabbhava/punarbhava

A

a word naming the Buddhist doctrine of rebirth

33
Q

Eternalism

A

The belief that the soul or Atman is an eternal substance that can neither be created nor destroyed

34
Q

Annihilationism

A

The belief that the soul or Atman is completely extinguished at death

35
Q

The middle way

A

The Buddhist view that over-indulgence and self-denial are equally detrimental to the prospect of enlightenment

36
Q

An Arahant

A

(Pali: “one who is worthy”). One who is on his/her way to or has achieved enlightenment

37
Q

Kisa and the Mustard Seeds

A

A Buddhist story about death, grief and mourning