key words Flashcards
aftershock
Smaller earthquakes that occur in the same area of a larger earthquake
backwash
The movement of water down a beach by gravity
beach replenishment
Building up the beach by pumping sand or shingle onto it
Catchment Flood Management plans (CFMP)
Plans setting out strategies to reduce flood risks in a river basin over 5-100 years
Consolidated rock
Rock with a strong structure
Constructive wave
Waves that build up a beach
Destructive wave
Waves that erode a coastline
Dredging
taking sediment from a river or sea bed
Erosion
The wearing a way of rocks by the action of water, wind or ice
evaporation
Water turning into water vapour
Evapotranspiration
the sum of evaporation from the earth surface and transpiration from plants
Fault line
a fracture in the earth’s crust that shows signs of movement
flood plain
flat area next to a river
Freeze-thaw
the continued freezing and thawing of moisture in rocks that will eventually cause them to break
Geology
the nature and structure of rocks
Groyne
wooden or concrete construction built across a beach
Hard engineering
use of concrete barriers to control water
Hurricane
a violent tropical storm in the Caribbean region
Impermeable
a Surface that does not allow water to pass through it
infiltration
seeping water into soil
interception
collection of water by vegetation
lahar
a type of mud flow composed of pyroclastic material and water that flows from a volcano
lateral erosion
erosion of the sides of a valley
longshore drift
the movement of matrial along a coastline by the action of the waves
managed retreat
allowing the sea to flood lowland areas
meander
large bends in a river
permeable
a surface which allows water to pass through it
percipitation
moisture that falls from the atmosphere in any form
prevailing wind
most frequent or dominant wind
pyroclastic flow
avalanches of hot volcanic debris
Salt marsh
an area of tidal mudflats often found behind spits
seismic waves
vibrations generated by an earthquake
Sub-aerial processes
processes active on the face and top of cliffs
subduction zone
the area of a destructive plate boundary where one plate descends beneath another
surface runoff
all water flowing on the earth’s surface
Sustainable management
long-term management that does not harm people or environments
swash
. the force of breaking waves moving up the beach. At the angle of the prevailing wind
through-flow
movement of water through the soil
transpiration
loss of moisture from plants
tsunami
tidal wave caused by an underwater earthquake
typhoon
a violent tropical storm over the Indian and pacific oceans
vertical erosion
downward erosion of a river bed
weathering
breaking up of rocks by the action of weather. Plants, animals and chemicals
waterfall
Formed by hard rock over lying soft rock. Has a plunge pool
meander
Erosion happens on the outer area and deposition on the inner. Water takes the path of least resistance.
What are the 4 types of erosion?
Hydralic action, solution, abrasion, attrition
Spit
A coastal feature where LSD moves in front of a river mouth
tombolo
A coastal feature where a spit joins an island
Bar
A coastal feature where a LSD dams a lagoon
