key words

Question 1

cell theory

Answer 1

theory that states that all organisms are composed of cells, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells

Question 2

centi-

Answer 2

metric prefix 1/100th or 1 x 10^-2

Question 3

coarse focus

Answer 3

dial used to initially focus a light microscope on a specimen

Question 4

differentiation

Answer 4

the alteration of cell’s morphology and physiology through changes in gene expression

Question 5

emergent property

Answer 5

a property of a system that emerges from the interaction of the elements of the system

Question 6

gene expression

Answer 6

the synthesis of a functional gene product, often protein, but also rRNA, tRNA, or snRNA

Question 7

growth

Answer 7

an increase in physical size

Question 8

homeostasis

Answer 8

the process in which an organism regulates activities within cells and their bodies to keep conditions stable

Question 9

magnification

Answer 9

ratio of image size to actual size

Question 10

metabolism

Answer 10

the sum of all of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism or within a cell

Question 11

micro-

Answer 11

metric prefix 1 x 10^-6

Question 12

milli-

Answer 12

metric prefix 1 x 10^-3

Question 13

nano-

Answer 13

metric prefix 1 x 10^-9

Question 14

objective lens

Answer 14

the part of the microscope that gathers light from the specimen and focuses it to produce a real image

Question 15

paramecium

Answer 15

genus of single celled ciliated organisms

Question 16

reductionism

Answer 16

an approach to science that holds that a complex system can be best understood as the sum of its parts, and that variables can be studied in isolation

Question 17

response

Answer 17

in behavioural science, the behaviour that is the consequence of a stimulus

Question 18

scale bar

Answer 18

a means of visually indicating the magnification of an image

Question 19

stargardt’s disease

Answer 19

a degenerative eye disease that has been the target of stem cell research

Question 20

stem cell

Answer 20

a relatively undifferentiated cell that can give rise to other types of cells and retains the ability to divide

Question 21

surface area to volume ratio

Answer 21

a variable that decreases as cells grow, so that it sets a limit to the size of cells

Question 22

system

Answer 22

a level of organization that emerges due to the interaction of elements

Question 23

tissue

Answer 23

a group of cells with a common function and structure