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Home Economics > Key Words > Flashcards

Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

Accelerated freeze-drying (AFD)

A

A fast and effective way of drying frozen food. It involves drying the food in a vacuum at reduced pressure e.g coffee

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2
Q

Acid Rain

A

Rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water.

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3
Q

Aerobes

A

An organism that requires oxygen to reproduce.

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4
Q

Absolute Poverty

A

A state below which it is not possible to live a healthy life, being unable to afford sufficient food, clothing, warmth and shelter.

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5
Q

Ageism

A

Stereotyping against individuals because of their age.

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6
Q

Ambient temperature

A

Room temperature

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7
Q

Amenities

A

Things that contribute to physical or material comfort

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8
Q

Anaerobes

A

An organism that does not require oxygen to reproduce

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9
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain

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10
Q

Antioxidant vitamins

A

Vitamin E, C and beta carotene (form of vitamin A). It has been suggested that they may offer some protection against coronary heart disease.

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11
Q

Argon Gas

A

Can be used to fill the gap in double glazed units and it transmits heat much less readily than the other gases in the air, saving even more money.

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12
Q

Assured short hold tenancy

A

A type of agreement, usually with a private landlord

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13
Q

Arterial plaque

A

Consisting of fat globules and cholesterol being deposited on the walls of the arteries.

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14
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A disease of the heart caused by the arteries that supply the heart with oxygen becoming narrow.

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15
Q

Auxiliary care

A

Offered in the individuals home for help with gardening, transport and odd jobs.

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16
Q

Baby boom

A

Sharp increase in births e.g after the first and second wars.

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17
Q

Bacterium

A

A large group of bacteria

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18
Q

Best before date

A

Used for long shelf-life products. It is the date up until when the food will remain in optimum condition. After this date the food will slowly deteriorate in quality.

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19
Q

Binary Fission

A

Reproduction that involves the splitting of a parent cell into two approximately equal parts.

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20
Q

Biofuels

A

Fuels produced from oilseeds which can be used as an alternative to diesel.

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21
Q

Birth Rate

A

The ratio of total live births expressed per 1000 of the population per year.

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22
Q

Budget

A

The total sum of money allocated for particular purposes over a period of time.

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23
Q

Burden of Dependancy

A

The working population has to pay more tax and national insurance to support those unable to work and provide the services they need.

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24
Q

Campylobacter

A

The commonest form of bacterial food poisoning in Britain. It is found in most raw poultry and is believed to be the most significant source of human infection.

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25
Q

Care Plan

A

A written document that outlines how the needs of an individual are to be met.

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26
Q

Cavity wall insulation

A

Involves insulating the walls of the home

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27
Q

Census

A

A survey every ten years to gather information on the population to help with social planning

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28
Q

Chemical contamination

A

The transfer of harmful chemicals to food.

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29
Q

Chilling

A

Involves storing food below the ambient temperature but not cold enough to freeze the food. It is a legal requirement that high risk food is kept below 8^c

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30
Q

Chores

A

Daily or routine domestic tasks

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31
Q

Civil partnership

A

A legal relationship, which can be registered by two people of the same sex

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32
Q

Cholesterol

A

A waxy substance found in the bloodstream and all body cells. It’s an essential part of a healthy body because it is used for producing cell membranes and hormones

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33
Q

Chronic

A

Lasting for a long period of time or marked by frequent occurrence, as certain diseases

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34
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

An anaerobic bacteria (doesn’t require oxygen) that produces toxins which cause food poisoning if eaten

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35
Q

Cocktail effect

A

When a combination of food additives are consumed together

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36
Q

Coeliac

A

A person suffering from coeliac disease

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37
Q

Coeliac disease

A

The main form of wheat intolerance. It is a bowel disease and it is an intolerance of gluten.

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38
Q

Cohabitation

A

When a couple share an intimate relationship, living together without being married

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39
Q

Colour coding

A

A method used to identify which equipment should be used in certain areas or for specific tasks, thereby reducing the risk of cross-contamination (e.g red for raw meat prep)

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40
Q

Common Agricultural Policy

A

Set up to avoid food shortages and ensure European farmers had adequate income for their produce

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41
Q

Community nursing care

A

Carried out by community nurses. They provide medical care in people’s homes, in GP surgeries and health centres. They visit people at home to change dressings, give injections, and offer advice on home nursing aids and equipment.

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42
Q

Composite foods

A

May contain a combination of foods from more than one of the five food groups

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43
Q

Contamination

A

Occurs when pathogenic bacteria are passed from a source of contamination to a high-risk food via a vehicle such as worktops, chopping boards, utensils, hands, equipment and cloths

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44
Q

Core temperature

A

The temperature measured at the centre or in the thickest part of a food item or at the bone

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45
Q

Council Tax Benefit

A

Help towards paying council tax

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46
Q

Cross-contamination

A

The transfer of harmful bacteria from a contaminated product to a ready to eat food.

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47
Q

Cycle of deprivation

A

Where children are born into poor families with backgrounds of social problems, who then go on to cohabit or marry one another, have children and the cycle begins.

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48
Q

Dashboard dining

A

Food eaten in a car

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49
Q

Danger zone

A

The temperature range in which harmful bacteria can multiply and grow easily, needs to be avoided by high-risk foods. (5-63*c)

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50
Q

Date mark

A

A date on food packaging which shows the period of time when the food is safe and is in best condition to eat.

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51
Q

Deforestation

A

Cutting down and clearing away trees or forests.

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52
Q

Demography

A

The study of the characteristics of human populations, such as its size, growth and vital statistics

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53
Q

Density

A

Thickness

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54
Q

Dental plaque

A

A coating which develops on teeth. If it is not removed by brushing it can cause tooth decay.

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55
Q

Dependancy ratio

A

How many young people (under 16) and older people (over 64) depend on people of working age (16-64)

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56
Q

Deskfast

A

Used to describe breakfast that is eaten at a desk, usually at work

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57
Q

Diet

A

The usual food and drink of an individual

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58
Q

Dietary

A

Relating to diet

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59
Q

Dietary guidelines

A

The eight practical tips for healthy eating issued by the Food Standards agency. They are based on starchy foods, lots of fruit and vegetables, more fish, less saturated fat and sugar, less salt, getting active and keeping a healthy weight, plenty of water and not skipping breakfast.

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60
Q

Direct contamination

A

The route of contamination is direct from the source to the ready to eat food (when raw meat touches cooked meat)

61
Q

Disability Discrimination Act 1995

A

Makes it unlawful to discriminate against disabled people in connection with employment

62
Q

Discrimination

A

The unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice

63
Q

Disposable income

A

What is left over for saving or spending after expenses are taken from income

64
Q

Domestic care

A

Offered in the individuals home for help with garden maintenance, equipment repairs, laundry, cooking, shopping, cooking and cleaning

65
Q

Dormant

A

Inactive bacteria

66
Q

Draught- proofing

A

Blocking the gaps to stop the draught entering the home

67
Q

Due diligence

A

Must be demonstrated by a business to avoid prosecution for contravening food safety legislation. To prove due diligence a business must be able to demonstrate that it took every possible reasonable step to achieve safe food

68
Q

Durable

A

Capable of withstanding wear and tear or decay

69
Q

Eating pattern

A

Described as where, when and how you eat

70
Q

Eat well plate

A

Shows how much food should be eaten from food group for meals and snacks. It aims to make healthy eating easier by showing the types and proportions of foods we need to have a balanced diet

71
Q

E.coli 0157:H7

A

One of the many strains causing illness in humans. It is usually associated with eating unwashed vegetables and contaminated meat.

72
Q

Economically active

A

People aged 16 years and older who are either employed or are unemployed but want to work

73
Q

Economically inactive

A

Those aged 16 years and older who are out of work, and are either seeking work or unavailable to start work

74
Q

Employment

A

A persons regular trade or profession- the job that they do

75
Q

Employment service advisor

A

Gives advice to an unemployed person usually at a job centre

76
Q

Enteric bacteria

A

Can live in the intestines of humans and animals

77
Q

Environment

A

The combination of external physical conditions that affect and influence the growth, development and survival of organisms, and the circumstances of the conditions which surround us

78
Q

Environmental health officers

A

Enforce food safety legislation and have the right to enter and inspect food premises at all reasonable hours

79
Q

Equitable

A

Even

80
Q

Expenditure

A

The money paid out- an amount spent

81
Q

Extended family

A

Usually consists of three generations living together in the same household or living very close to other family members. They have frequent daily contact with other family members and support eachother.

82
Q

Extrusion cooking

A

Involves raw materials such as flour, starches, and liquids mixes together into a semi-solid dough and heated. It is forced (extruded) through tiny holes to make a range of products. E.g pasta shapes

83
Q

Fairtrade products

A

Ensure disadvantaged producers in the developing world receive a fair price for their produce,

84
Q

Family

A

Can be defined as a social unit connected by blood, marriage or adoption

85
Q

Farm to fork

A

Food can be traced through all the stages of production, processing and distribution to the source

86
Q

Fertility rate

A

The ratio of live births expressed per 1000 population per year

87
Q

Flat

A

A room or set of rooms located in a larger building

88
Q

Food-borne disease

A

An illness caused by eating food contaminated with harmful substances or by pathogenic bacteria living on the the food

89
Q

Food desert

A

A poor urban area where residents can’t afford to buy or have a limited choice of healthy food

90
Q

Food miles

A

The distance a food product travels from the producer to the consumer

91
Q

Food safety plans

A

Provide practical steps to identify and control hazards in order to establish and maintain food safety

92
Q

Food Standards Agency

A

An independent organisation, whose main aim is to protect public health in relation to food in the UK

93
Q

Fortified food

A

When nutrients have been added during processing

94
Q

Freedom Food

A

A voluntary code for producers to follow established by the RSPCA to improve welfare of farmed animals

95
Q

Free radicals

A

Unstable molecules produced as by products of normal body processes

96
Q

Functional food

A

A food which claims to have health-promoting benefits in addition to the usual nutritional value

97
Q

Global warming

A

An increase in the average temperature of the earths atmosphere

98
Q

Glucose

A

A monosaccharide (single) sugar, occurring widely in most plant and animal tissue. It is the principal circulating sugar in the blood and the major energy source of the body.

99
Q

GP

A

Stands for general practitioner, a family doctor

100
Q

Grazing

A

Used to describe the practice of eating snacks throughout the day instead of meals

101
Q

HACCP

A

Hazard analysis critical control point is a food safety system which involves identifying all the steps in the activity of the food business that are critical to food safety

102
Q

Hazard

A

A possible source of danger

103
Q

Health

A

“A state of complete physical, social and mental well-being and not merely the the absence of disease or infirmity” WHO

104
Q

High density lipoproteins (HDL)

A

Can carry fatty acids and cholesterol to the liver to be broken down. They are sometimes referred to as producing HDL-bound cholesterol or ‘good cholesterol’ as they remove cholesterol from the bloodstream

105
Q

High-risk food

A

Foods which without temperature control might support the growth of harmful bacteria or the formation of poisons (toxins) such as cooked meat products and ready to eat food

106
Q

Home helps

A

People who help with domestic tasks including cooking and cleaning. There are charges for this service

107
Q

Homeless

A

Having no home or haven

108
Q

Hormone

A

A substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another to affect physiological activity, such as growth or metabolism

109
Q

Hot holding

A

The process of keeping food hot (above 63*c)

110
Q

Household

A

Can be defined as one person living alone or a group of people who share the same address and living arrangements

111
Q

Househusbands

A

Men who have taken over the traditional female domestic role

112
Q

Human needs

A

Food, warmth, and shelter are essential for life and these needs must be satisfied first. But we have other needs, the need to feel safe, be successful and be satisfied with life: these must also be addressed

113
Q

Hygiene emergency prohibition notice

A

May be served if an EHO believes bag there is a significant risk to health or injury due to the condition of the equipment, the handling process or the condition of the premises of a food business. The notice immediately stops the use of the equipment or promises or a specified handling process.

114
Q

Hygiene improvement notice

A

May be served where an EHO has reasonable grounds for believing a food business is failing to comply with food hygiene regulations

115
Q

Hysterectomy

A

The surgical removal of part or the entire uterus (womb)

116
Q

Immigration

A

The migration into a place or a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there

117
Q

Incinerated

A

Waste which is burnt. This is also called energy from waste

118
Q

Income

A

The total amount of money earned from work or other sources over a given period of time

119
Q

Income Support

A

Available to people aged 16 to 59 who cannot work and do not have enough money to maintain a reasonable standard of living

120
Q

Infant mortality rate

A

The death rate during the first year of life.

121
Q

Informal care

A

Care provided by a relative or friend

122
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone made by the pancreas which controls the level of glucose in the body

123
Q

Intervention

A

To involve oneself in a situation to alter an action

124
Q

Job grants

A

Designed to help with the costs of moving from unemployment into work. The grant is a one-off payment which a free of tax and available to claimants of JSA and income support

125
Q

Key worker

A

Someone who works in the public sector in an area where there is a high demand for housing

126
Q

Land-filled

A

Means waste which is buried in the ground

127
Q

Leisure

A

The time used at a persons own discretion in a variety of ways once they have completed duties such a s study, work, domestic chores. (It is the time left over)

128
Q

Life expectancy

A

The number of years an individual is expected to live as determined by statistics

129
Q

Lifetime homes

A

Have sixteen design features that ensure the home is flexible enough to meet the existing and changing needs of households
Eg need for wheelchair access

130
Q

Liproproteins

A

Cholesterol that combines with protein in the blood stream

131
Q

Listeria monocytogenes

A

Food poisoning bacterium which unsually grows at low temperatures. It is destroyed by cooking and thorough pasteurisation. Foods likely to be contaminated are dairy, meats, pâtés and cook-chill meals

132
Q

Lone parent family

A

Formed from a single male or female parent and dependant children. Most common reason for lone parent family is divorce, separation

133
Q

Low density liproprotein (LDL)

A

Combines with cholesterol in the bloodstream. It tend to stay in circulation and may over a period of time start forming plaques associated with heart disease. Sometimes referred to as ‘bad’ cholesterol

134
Q

Low e or low emissivity glass

A

Has a special heat-reflective coating between two panes of glass which reduce the heat lost through the glass by Nearly half

135
Q

Maisonette

A

An apartment/flat on two levels with internal stairs, or which has its own entrance at street level

136
Q

Malabsorption

A

The defective or inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract

137
Q

Manufacturer

A

A person or enterprise that makes or process something

138
Q

Maslows hierarchy of needs

A

A pyramid structure of needs with the most basic needs at the bottom and the highest needs (most difficult to fulfil) at the top

139
Q

Meal

A

An eating occasion which usually take place at a specific time and place

140
Q

Meal solutions

A

Range of food products that can be combined to make a meal, include ready to make, ready prepared, ready to eat

141
Q

Menopause

A

Period marked by natural and permanent end of menstruation, occurring usually between 45 and 50

142
Q

Methane gas

A

Created when organic waste breaks down. Has the potential to be explosive and a significant greenhouse gas which contributes to global warming

143
Q

Micro-organism

A

One that is only visible through a microscope. Including bacteria, moulds, yeast, viruses

144
Q

Micro-organism contamination

A

The transfer of harmful bacteria to food

145
Q

Migration

A

The movement of persons from one location/country to another

146
Q

Mortality Rate

A

The ratio of deaths expressed per 1000 population per year

147
Q

Mortgage

A

A loan from a bank, building society or finance company, used to buy a home

148
Q

Moulds

A

Tiny plants or fungi which grow on the surface of food. They produce spores which can travel in the air to generate new growths

149
Q

Multi-disciplinary care

A

Where care is provided by a range of different agencies and professional carers

Home Economics (1 decks)

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