Key Words Flashcards
Accelerated freeze-drying (AFD)
A fast and effective way of drying frozen food. It involves drying the food in a vacuum at reduced pressure e.g coffee
Acid Rain
Rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions (especially sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides) combine with water.
Aerobes
An organism that requires oxygen to reproduce.
Absolute Poverty
A state below which it is not possible to live a healthy life, being unable to afford sufficient food, clothing, warmth and shelter.
Ageism
Stereotyping against individuals because of their age.
Ambient temperature
Room temperature
Amenities
Things that contribute to physical or material comfort
Anaerobes
An organism that does not require oxygen to reproduce
Angina
Chest pain
Antioxidant vitamins
Vitamin E, C and beta carotene (form of vitamin A). It has been suggested that they may offer some protection against coronary heart disease.
Argon Gas
Can be used to fill the gap in double glazed units and it transmits heat much less readily than the other gases in the air, saving even more money.
Assured short hold tenancy
A type of agreement, usually with a private landlord
Arterial plaque
Consisting of fat globules and cholesterol being deposited on the walls of the arteries.
Atherosclerosis
A disease of the heart caused by the arteries that supply the heart with oxygen becoming narrow.
Auxiliary care
Offered in the individuals home for help with gardening, transport and odd jobs.
Baby boom
Sharp increase in births e.g after the first and second wars.
Bacterium
A large group of bacteria
Best before date
Used for long shelf-life products. It is the date up until when the food will remain in optimum condition. After this date the food will slowly deteriorate in quality.
Binary Fission
Reproduction that involves the splitting of a parent cell into two approximately equal parts.
Biofuels
Fuels produced from oilseeds which can be used as an alternative to diesel.
Birth Rate
The ratio of total live births expressed per 1000 of the population per year.
Budget
The total sum of money allocated for particular purposes over a period of time.
Burden of Dependancy
The working population has to pay more tax and national insurance to support those unable to work and provide the services they need.
Campylobacter
The commonest form of bacterial food poisoning in Britain. It is found in most raw poultry and is believed to be the most significant source of human infection.
Care Plan
A written document that outlines how the needs of an individual are to be met.
Cavity wall insulation
Involves insulating the walls of the home
Census
A survey every ten years to gather information on the population to help with social planning
Chemical contamination
The transfer of harmful chemicals to food.
Chilling
Involves storing food below the ambient temperature but not cold enough to freeze the food. It is a legal requirement that high risk food is kept below 8^c
Chores
Daily or routine domestic tasks
Civil partnership
A legal relationship, which can be registered by two people of the same sex
Cholesterol
A waxy substance found in the bloodstream and all body cells. It’s an essential part of a healthy body because it is used for producing cell membranes and hormones
Chronic
Lasting for a long period of time or marked by frequent occurrence, as certain diseases
Clostridium perfringens
An anaerobic bacteria (doesn’t require oxygen) that produces toxins which cause food poisoning if eaten
Cocktail effect
When a combination of food additives are consumed together
Coeliac
A person suffering from coeliac disease
Coeliac disease
The main form of wheat intolerance. It is a bowel disease and it is an intolerance of gluten.
Cohabitation
When a couple share an intimate relationship, living together without being married
Colour coding
A method used to identify which equipment should be used in certain areas or for specific tasks, thereby reducing the risk of cross-contamination (e.g red for raw meat prep)
Common Agricultural Policy
Set up to avoid food shortages and ensure European farmers had adequate income for their produce
Community nursing care
Carried out by community nurses. They provide medical care in people’s homes, in GP surgeries and health centres. They visit people at home to change dressings, give injections, and offer advice on home nursing aids and equipment.
Composite foods
May contain a combination of foods from more than one of the five food groups
Contamination
Occurs when pathogenic bacteria are passed from a source of contamination to a high-risk food via a vehicle such as worktops, chopping boards, utensils, hands, equipment and cloths
Core temperature
The temperature measured at the centre or in the thickest part of a food item or at the bone
Council Tax Benefit
Help towards paying council tax
Cross-contamination
The transfer of harmful bacteria from a contaminated product to a ready to eat food.
Cycle of deprivation
Where children are born into poor families with backgrounds of social problems, who then go on to cohabit or marry one another, have children and the cycle begins.
Dashboard dining
Food eaten in a car
Danger zone
The temperature range in which harmful bacteria can multiply and grow easily, needs to be avoided by high-risk foods. (5-63*c)
Date mark
A date on food packaging which shows the period of time when the food is safe and is in best condition to eat.
Deforestation
Cutting down and clearing away trees or forests.
Demography
The study of the characteristics of human populations, such as its size, growth and vital statistics
Density
Thickness
Dental plaque
A coating which develops on teeth. If it is not removed by brushing it can cause tooth decay.
Dependancy ratio
How many young people (under 16) and older people (over 64) depend on people of working age (16-64)
Deskfast
Used to describe breakfast that is eaten at a desk, usually at work
Diet
The usual food and drink of an individual
Dietary
Relating to diet
Dietary guidelines
The eight practical tips for healthy eating issued by the Food Standards agency. They are based on starchy foods, lots of fruit and vegetables, more fish, less saturated fat and sugar, less salt, getting active and keeping a healthy weight, plenty of water and not skipping breakfast.
Direct contamination
The route of contamination is direct from the source to the ready to eat food (when raw meat touches cooked meat)
Disability Discrimination Act 1995
Makes it unlawful to discriminate against disabled people in connection with employment
Discrimination
The unfair treatment of a person or group on the basis of prejudice
Disposable income
What is left over for saving or spending after expenses are taken from income
Domestic care
Offered in the individuals home for help with garden maintenance, equipment repairs, laundry, cooking, shopping, cooking and cleaning
Dormant
Inactive bacteria
Draught- proofing
Blocking the gaps to stop the draught entering the home
Due diligence
Must be demonstrated by a business to avoid prosecution for contravening food safety legislation. To prove due diligence a business must be able to demonstrate that it took every possible reasonable step to achieve safe food
Durable
Capable of withstanding wear and tear or decay
Eating pattern
Described as where, when and how you eat
Eat well plate
Shows how much food should be eaten from food group for meals and snacks. It aims to make healthy eating easier by showing the types and proportions of foods we need to have a balanced diet
E.coli 0157:H7
One of the many strains causing illness in humans. It is usually associated with eating unwashed vegetables and contaminated meat.
Economically active
People aged 16 years and older who are either employed or are unemployed but want to work
Economically inactive
Those aged 16 years and older who are out of work, and are either seeking work or unavailable to start work
Employment
A persons regular trade or profession- the job that they do
Employment service advisor
Gives advice to an unemployed person usually at a job centre
Enteric bacteria
Can live in the intestines of humans and animals
Environment
The combination of external physical conditions that affect and influence the growth, development and survival of organisms, and the circumstances of the conditions which surround us
Environmental health officers
Enforce food safety legislation and have the right to enter and inspect food premises at all reasonable hours
Equitable
Even
Expenditure
The money paid out- an amount spent
Extended family
Usually consists of three generations living together in the same household or living very close to other family members. They have frequent daily contact with other family members and support eachother.
Extrusion cooking
Involves raw materials such as flour, starches, and liquids mixes together into a semi-solid dough and heated. It is forced (extruded) through tiny holes to make a range of products. E.g pasta shapes
Fairtrade products
Ensure disadvantaged producers in the developing world receive a fair price for their produce,
Family
Can be defined as a social unit connected by blood, marriage or adoption
Farm to fork
Food can be traced through all the stages of production, processing and distribution to the source
Fertility rate
The ratio of live births expressed per 1000 population per year
Flat
A room or set of rooms located in a larger building
Food-borne disease
An illness caused by eating food contaminated with harmful substances or by pathogenic bacteria living on the the food
Food desert
A poor urban area where residents can’t afford to buy or have a limited choice of healthy food
Food miles
The distance a food product travels from the producer to the consumer
Food safety plans
Provide practical steps to identify and control hazards in order to establish and maintain food safety
Food Standards Agency
An independent organisation, whose main aim is to protect public health in relation to food in the UK
Fortified food
When nutrients have been added during processing
Freedom Food
A voluntary code for producers to follow established by the RSPCA to improve welfare of farmed animals
Free radicals
Unstable molecules produced as by products of normal body processes
Functional food
A food which claims to have health-promoting benefits in addition to the usual nutritional value
Global warming
An increase in the average temperature of the earths atmosphere
Glucose
A monosaccharide (single) sugar, occurring widely in most plant and animal tissue. It is the principal circulating sugar in the blood and the major energy source of the body.
GP
Stands for general practitioner, a family doctor
Grazing
Used to describe the practice of eating snacks throughout the day instead of meals
HACCP
Hazard analysis critical control point is a food safety system which involves identifying all the steps in the activity of the food business that are critical to food safety
Hazard
A possible source of danger
Health
“A state of complete physical, social and mental well-being and not merely the the absence of disease or infirmity” WHO
High density lipoproteins (HDL)
Can carry fatty acids and cholesterol to the liver to be broken down. They are sometimes referred to as producing HDL-bound cholesterol or ‘good cholesterol’ as they remove cholesterol from the bloodstream
High-risk food
Foods which without temperature control might support the growth of harmful bacteria or the formation of poisons (toxins) such as cooked meat products and ready to eat food
Home helps
People who help with domestic tasks including cooking and cleaning. There are charges for this service
Homeless
Having no home or haven
Hormone
A substance produced by one tissue and conveyed by the bloodstream to another to affect physiological activity, such as growth or metabolism
Hot holding
The process of keeping food hot (above 63*c)
Household
Can be defined as one person living alone or a group of people who share the same address and living arrangements
Househusbands
Men who have taken over the traditional female domestic role
Human needs
Food, warmth, and shelter are essential for life and these needs must be satisfied first. But we have other needs, the need to feel safe, be successful and be satisfied with life: these must also be addressed
Hygiene emergency prohibition notice
May be served if an EHO believes bag there is a significant risk to health or injury due to the condition of the equipment, the handling process or the condition of the premises of a food business. The notice immediately stops the use of the equipment or promises or a specified handling process.
Hygiene improvement notice
May be served where an EHO has reasonable grounds for believing a food business is failing to comply with food hygiene regulations
Hysterectomy
The surgical removal of part or the entire uterus (womb)
Immigration
The migration into a place or a country of which you are not a native in order to settle there
Incinerated
Waste which is burnt. This is also called energy from waste
Income
The total amount of money earned from work or other sources over a given period of time
Income Support
Available to people aged 16 to 59 who cannot work and do not have enough money to maintain a reasonable standard of living
Infant mortality rate
The death rate during the first year of life.
Informal care
Care provided by a relative or friend
Insulin
A hormone made by the pancreas which controls the level of glucose in the body
Intervention
To involve oneself in a situation to alter an action
Job grants
Designed to help with the costs of moving from unemployment into work. The grant is a one-off payment which a free of tax and available to claimants of JSA and income support
Key worker
Someone who works in the public sector in an area where there is a high demand for housing
Land-filled
Means waste which is buried in the ground
Leisure
The time used at a persons own discretion in a variety of ways once they have completed duties such a s study, work, domestic chores. (It is the time left over)
Life expectancy
The number of years an individual is expected to live as determined by statistics
Lifetime homes
Have sixteen design features that ensure the home is flexible enough to meet the existing and changing needs of households
Eg need for wheelchair access
Liproproteins
Cholesterol that combines with protein in the blood stream
Listeria monocytogenes
Food poisoning bacterium which unsually grows at low temperatures. It is destroyed by cooking and thorough pasteurisation. Foods likely to be contaminated are dairy, meats, pâtés and cook-chill meals
Lone parent family
Formed from a single male or female parent and dependant children. Most common reason for lone parent family is divorce, separation
Low density liproprotein (LDL)
Combines with cholesterol in the bloodstream. It tend to stay in circulation and may over a period of time start forming plaques associated with heart disease. Sometimes referred to as ‘bad’ cholesterol
Low e or low emissivity glass
Has a special heat-reflective coating between two panes of glass which reduce the heat lost through the glass by Nearly half
Maisonette
An apartment/flat on two levels with internal stairs, or which has its own entrance at street level
Malabsorption
The defective or inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract
Manufacturer
A person or enterprise that makes or process something
Maslows hierarchy of needs
A pyramid structure of needs with the most basic needs at the bottom and the highest needs (most difficult to fulfil) at the top
Meal
An eating occasion which usually take place at a specific time and place
Meal solutions
Range of food products that can be combined to make a meal, include ready to make, ready prepared, ready to eat
Menopause
Period marked by natural and permanent end of menstruation, occurring usually between 45 and 50
Methane gas
Created when organic waste breaks down. Has the potential to be explosive and a significant greenhouse gas which contributes to global warming
Micro-organism
One that is only visible through a microscope. Including bacteria, moulds, yeast, viruses
Micro-organism contamination
The transfer of harmful bacteria to food
Migration
The movement of persons from one location/country to another
Mortality Rate
The ratio of deaths expressed per 1000 population per year
Mortgage
A loan from a bank, building society or finance company, used to buy a home
Moulds
Tiny plants or fungi which grow on the surface of food. They produce spores which can travel in the air to generate new growths
Multi-disciplinary care
Where care is provided by a range of different agencies and professional carers
