Key Words

Question 1

Dependent variable

Answer 1

Is measured - to see if the manipulation of the independent variable has had an effect.

Question 2

Extraneous variable

Answer 2

Any variable, other than the independent variable, that affects the dependent variable.

Question 3

Participant variable

Answer 3

An extraneous variable which are aspects of the participants.

Question 4

Situational variables

Answer 4

An extraneous variable which is an aspects of the situation.

Question 5

Confounding variables

Answer 5

An extraneous variable which hasn’t been controlled therefore it impacts the independent variable.

Question 6

Matched pairs design

Answer 6

Researcher deliberately matches the characteristics of the participants in each conditions

Question 7

Operationalised independent variable

Answer 7

Clearly state what the conditions are

Question 8

Operationalised dependent variable

Answer 8

Clearly and precisely state how it will be measured

Question 9

Non-directional (two-tailed) hypothesis

Answer 9

Predicts there will be a difference in the behaviour of the 2 conditions, but are unsure which will be more and which will be least

Question 10

Directional hypothesis

Answer 10

A prediction that there will be a difference between the 2 conditions, but we think we know what the results would be

Question 11

Reliability

Answer 11

The extent to which a measure produces the same results when measuring the same variables

Question 12

Replicable

Answer 12

The extent to which a study can be copied exactly to see whether the findings are similar

Question 13

Raw data

Answer 13

About each separate participant. This should not be put into a graph because the graph shows averages but be put on a raw table

Question 14

Subjectivity

Answer 14

Judgement which is based on your beliefs/understanding

Question 15

Objectivity

Answer 15

Judgement which is based on facts

Question 16

Behaviourism

Answer 16

One psychological perspective which says behaviour is shaped by the environment and our experiences

Question 17

Laboratory experiment

Answer 17

Consists of:

• Manipulation of IV to see the effect on the DV
• Control of EV’s so they do not become CV’s
• Random allocation of participants to conditions

Question 18

Field experiment

Answer 18

This consists of:

• Manipulation of IV to see the effect on the DV
• The DV is measured in the real world
• Participants are not usually allocated to conditions

Question 19

Quasi experiments

Answer 19

There is no manipulation of the IV as the 2 conditions naturally exist

Question 20

Independent variable

Answer 20

Causal variable - causes an effect on the dependent variable. We manipulate this to see the effect on the dependent variable.