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Key Words Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Being dependent on the particular substance

A

Addiction (drugs)

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2
Q

A method of cloning animals which involves take the nucleus from adult body cell and inserting into an unfertilised egg cell which has had its nucleus removed

A

Adult cell cloning

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3
Q

A type of performance enhancing drug that increases muscle growth

A

Anabolic steroid

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4
Q

A drug used to kill or prevent the growth of bacteria

A

Antibiotic

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5
Q

When bacteria aren’t killed by an antibiotic

A

Antibiotic resistant

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6
Q

A protein produced by white blood cells in response to the presence of an antigen (e.g. On the surface of a pathogen)

A

Antibody

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7
Q

A molecule on the surface of the cell. A foreign antigen produces white blood cells to produce antibodies.

A

Antigen

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8
Q

A protein produced by white blood cells which counteracts the toxins produced by invading bacteria

A

Antitoxin

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9
Q

A type of reproduction involving only one parent and no fusion of gametes and no mixture of genes. The offspring produced are genetically identical to to the parents - they are clones.

A

Asexual reproduction

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10
Q

A plant hormone that controls the growth of a plant in response to stimuli.

A

Auxin.

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11
Q

A single-celled micro-organism without a nucleus. Some bacteria are able to cause disease.

A

Bacterium

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12
Q

A diet that contains the right amounts of the different nutrients needed by the body.

A

Balanced diet.

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13
Q

Can be broken down by micro-organisms

A

Biodegradable

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14
Q

The mass of living material

A

Biomass

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15
Q

The level of cholesterol (a fatty substance) in the blood

A

Blood cholesterol level

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16
Q

The continuous cycle of carbon from the air,through the food chains and back into the air.

A

Carbon cycle

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17
Q

The enlargement of a cell. Plant cells grow by cell elongation.

A

Cell elongation

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18
Q

A membrane which surrounds a cell

A

Cell membrane

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19
Q

The brain and spinal cord. It’s where reflexes and actions are coordinated.

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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20
Q

The process of sorting organisms into groups based on their similarities and differences.

A

Classification

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21
Q

A set of drug tests on human volunteers

A

Clinical trial

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22
Q

An organism that is genetically identical to another organism

A

Clones

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23
Q

Making a genetically identical copy of another organism

A

Cloning

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24
Q

An experiment that’s kept under the same conditions as the rest of the investigation, but doesn’t have anything done to it.

A

Control group

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25
Q

A small piece of a plant (usually with a new bud on) that can be taken and grown into a new plant

A

Cutting (plants)

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26
Q

A disease cause by the lack of a certain nutrient in the diet e.g. A vitamin or mineral

A

Deficiency disease

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27
Q

An animal that feeds on dead material and beaks down animal waste products

A

Detritus feeder

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28
Q

A clinical trial when you neither the doctors nor the patient know who has received the drug and you received the placebo until all the results have been gathered

A

A double blind trial

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29
Q

A substance that alters the chemical reactions in your body

A

Drug

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30
Q

The interaction between organisms in the same environment

A

Ecological relationship

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31
Q

Either a muscle of gland which responds to nervous impulses

A

Effector

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32
Q

A method of cloning animals,where an embryo is created and then split,before any cells become specialised to produce clones. The clones are then transferred in the uteruses of the host mothers

A

Embryo transfer (cloning)

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33
Q

A big outbreak of disease

A

Epidemic

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34
Q

How organisms are related to other organisms through evolution

A

Evolutionary relationship

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35
Q

An organism that is adapted to live in seriously extreme conditions

A

Extremophile

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36
Q

Fertility

A

The ability to conceive a child

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37
Q

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland involved in the menstrual cycle. It causes eggs to mature in the ovaries and stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen.

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

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38
Q

A sex cell e.g. An egg cell or a sperm cell in animals

A

Gamete

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39
Q

A short section of DNA, found on a chromosome, which controls the development of a characteristic.

A

Gene

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40
Q

The process of cutting out a useful gene from one organism is chromosome and inserting it into another organism chromosome

A

Genetic engineering

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41
Q

A crop which has had its genes modified food genetic engineering

A

Genetically modified (GM) crop

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42
Q

The growth of a plant in response to gravity

A

Geotropism/ gravitropism

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43
Q

Drug that is believed to cause serious addiction and be more harmful to a person’s house then a soft drugs

A

Hard drug

44
Q

The maintenance of a constant internal environment

A

Homeostasis

45
Q

Chemical messenger which travels in the blood to activate target cells

A

Hormone

46
Q

The ability of the white blood cell to respond quickly to a pathogen

A

Immunity

47
Q

A disease cause by a pathogen

A

Infectious disease

48
Q

The artificial fertilisation of eggs in the lab

A

IVF (In Vitro Fertilisation)

49
Q

An organism that is sensitive to changes in the environment, so can be used to study environmental change.

A

Living indicator

50
Q

A hormone produced by the pituitary gland, which stimulates egg relapse around the middle of the menstrual cycle

A

Luteinsing Hormone (LH)

51
Q

A condition in which you don’t have the right balance of foods to stay healthy

A

Malnourishment

52
Q

The monthly sequence of events in which the female body releases and egg and prepares the uterus (womb) in case it receives a fertilised egg

A

Menstrual cycle

53
Q

The speed at which chemical reactions in the body occur

A

Metabolic rate

54
Q

A vaccination against, measles, mumps and rubella

A

MMR vaccine

55
Q

A nerve cell that carries electrical impulses from the CNS to effectors

A

Motor neurone

56
Q

A strain of bacteria that is resistant to the powerful antibiotic methicillin

A

MRSA

57
Q

A change in an organisms DNA

A

Mutation

58
Q

The process by which species evolve

A

Natural selection

59
Q

The organ system in animals that allows them to respond to changes in their environment

A

Nervous system

60
Q

Something that is not alive, but can be measured or monitored to give information about environmental change e.g.temperature

A

Non-living indicator

61
Q

A substance needed by the body in order to survive and grow e.g. Protein

A

Nutrient

62
Q

A condition defined as being 20% or more over the maximum recommended body mass

A

Obesity

63
Q

A hormone produced by the ovaries which inhibits the release of FSH during the menstrual cycle. It’s found in some oral contraceptives.

A

Oestrogen

64
Q

The dose of a drug that is most effective and has few side effects

A

Optimum dose

65
Q

A hormone containing pill taken by mouth in order to reduce fertility and therefore decrease the chance of pregnancy

A

Oral contraceptive

66
Q

An organ in the female body which stores and releases eggs. It is also a gland and secretes the hormone oestrogen.

A

Ovary

67
Q

A worldwide outbreak of a disease

A

Pandemic

68
Q

A microorganism that causes disease e.g. A bacterium or virus

A

Pathogen

69
Q

Type of antibiotic

A

Penicillin

70
Q

A drug that can improve a persons performance in sport

A

Performance enhancing drug

71
Q

The growth of a plant in response to light

A

Phototropism

72
Q

The process that plants use to capture light energy from the sun

A

Photosynthesis

73
Q

A gland located in the brain that is responsible for secreting various hormones,including FSH AND LH

A

Pituitary gland

74
Q

A substance that’s like the drug being tested but does not do anything..

A

Placebo

75
Q

A group of cells which are sensitive to a stimulus. E.g.light receptor cells in the eye are sensitive to light

A

Receptor

76
Q

A drug used for fun e.g. Alcohol,cannabis.

A

Recreational drug

77
Q

A fast automatic response to a stimulus

A

Reflex

78
Q

The passage of information from receptor to effector

A

Reflex arc

79
Q

A nerve cell that carries electrical impulses from sensory neurones to motor neurones

A

Relay neurone

80
Q

A powder containing plant hormones which can be applied to plant cutting to assist root development

A

Rooting powder

81
Q

A weedkiller that contains plant hormones. It kills weeds (unwanted plants), without affecting the growth of crops.

A

Selective weedkiller

82
Q

An organ which contains the receptors that detect stimuli,e.g. The eye.

A

Sense organ

83
Q

A nerve cell that carries electrical impulses from the receptors in the sense organs to the CNS

A

Sensory neurone

84
Q

A type of reproduction involving the fusion of male and female gametes from two parents. The offspring contain a mixture of their parents genes and so are genetically different to their parents.

A

Sexual reproduction

85
Q

A drug that is believed to be less addictive and less harmful to a persons health Than a hard drug

A

Soft drug

86
Q

A group of medicinal drugs that are used to decrease the risk of heart and circulatory disease

A

Statins

87
Q

The process of destroying micro organisms (such as bacteria) on an object

A

Sterilisation (avoiding contamination)

88
Q

A type of performance enhancing drug that increases heart rate

A

Stimulant

89
Q

A change in the environment

A

Stimulus

90
Q

The connection between two neurones

A

Synapse

91
Q

A particular cell in a particular place,which is affected by a hormone

A

Target cell

92
Q

A drug that was developed asa sleeping pill in the 1950s, but that harmed babies when used untested on pregnant woman to relieve morning sickness.

A

Thalidomide

93
Q

A method of cloning plants in which a few plants are put on a growth medium containing hormones and allowed to grow into new plants

A

Tissue culture

94
Q

How harmful something something is e.g a drug

A

Toxicity

95
Q

A poison. Produced by bacteria.

A

Toxin

96
Q

A quick version of an experiment that can be used to work out the range of variables and the interval between the variables that will be used in the proper experiment.

A

Trial run

97
Q

A stage in a food chain

A

Tropic level

98
Q

The main female reproductive organ and where the embryo develops during pregnancy (another word for the womb)

A

Uterus

99
Q

The injection of dead or inactive microorganism a to provide immunity against a particular pathogen

A

Vaccination

100
Q

The differences that exist between individuals

A

Variation

101
Q

A disease-causing agent about 1/100th of the size of a bacterial cell. Can only replicate within host body cells.

A

Virus

102
Q

Energy that is dissipated (lost to the surroundings) often as heat

A

Wasted energy

103
Q

A blood cell that is part of the immune system (and so helps to decent the body against infection)

A

White blood cell

104
Q

A symptom e.g. A headache, vomiting, which is caused by not taking an addictive drug

A

Withdrawal symptom

105
Q

A characteristic that helps an organism survive

A

Adaptation

Core Biology (1 decks)

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