Key Words

Question 1

A posteriori

Answer 1

Arguments based on experience. Have to be proved

Question 2

A priori

Answer 2

Relying on logic.

Question 3

Deductive arguments

Answer 3

Something where there is supposedly no other conclusion

Question 4

Inductive arguments

Answer 4

The conclusion becomes a statement of what is the most probable. Therefore one can agree with the premises, yet disagree with the conclusion. Premises support the conclusion but don’t make it necessary.

Question 5

Analytic

Answer 5

True by definition. A priori. The truth is in the definition of the subject.

Question 6

Synthetic

Answer 6

The truth can only be determined by experience/observation. A posteriori. The truth is not in the definition of the subject, it needs to be proven.

Question 7

Contingent

Answer 7

Depends on something else for its existence or truth (but could be false)

Question 8

Necessary

Answer 8

Does not depend on anything else - to deny it would be wrong

Question 9

Ontological

Answer 9

Ontology is the branch of metaphysics dealing with nature of being

Question 10

Temporal

Answer 10

Relates to worldly rather than spiritual matters

Question 11

Induction

Answer 11

A method of reasoning where a conclusion is reached by linking observation of cause(s) and effect(s).

Question 12

Deduction

Answer 12

A method of reasoning by stages to reach a conclusion

Question 13

Philosophical logic

Answer 13

The study of the more specifically philosophical aspects of logic

Question 14

Cosmos

Answer 14

Universe