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JS ETHICS > Key Words > Flashcards

Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

Torah

A

The five Books of Moses and the first section of the tenakh

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2
Q

Ten Commandments

A

A list of religious and moral rules that were authorised by God and given to Moses

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3
Q

Mishpatim

A

Judgement, laws for which reason is clear

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4
Q

Chukim

A

Statues- laws for which no reason is given

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5
Q

Sanctity of life

A

The belief that life is sacred and belongs to God

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6
Q

Purpose of life

A

Why a person is alive- what they have to do in their life. The goal of life and the reason for living

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7
Q

Quality of life

A

How much a person gets out of their life, a combination of physical and mental factors

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8
Q

Abortion

A

The deliberate termination (ending) of a pregnancy, usually before the foetus is 24 weeks old

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9
Q

Euthanasia

A

Inducing a painless death, by agreement and with compassion, to ease suffering. From the Greek, meaning ‘good death’

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10
Q

Compassion

A

A feeling of pity or sympathy that can lead to caring or help

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11
Q

Self-determination

A

A person’s right to choose what happens to them

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12
Q

Contraception

A

The artificial and chemical methods used to prevent pregnancy taking place

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13
Q

Fertility treatment

A

Medical procedure that provides help to enable a woman to conceive a child

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14
Q

Artificial insemination

A

Sperm is medically inserted into the vagina to assist pregnancy

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15
Q

Artificial insemination by husband (AIH)

A

A reproductive technology in which semen is collected from the husband, and introduced into his wife in order to create a baby

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16
Q

Mitzvoth

A

The laws of Judaism

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17
Q

Artificial insemination by donor (AID)

A

A reproductive technology in which semen is collected from an individual, not the husband, and introduced into the female in order to create the baby

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18
Q

In vitro fertilisation (IVF)

A

A procedure in which eggs are removed from a woman’s ovaries and fertilised with sperm in a laboratory. The fertilised egg is then replaced into the woman’s uterus.

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19
Q

Embryo

A

Fertilised ovum (egg) at about 12-14 days after conception when implanted into the wall of the womb

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20
Q

Surrogacy

A

When a woman agrees to become pregnant and deliver a child for a couple

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21
Q

Bio-ethics

A

The study of ethical dilemmas brought on by the progress and use of science and medical technology

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22
Q

Genetic engineering

A

When an animal’s or human’s genes are modified or manipulated

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23
Q

Designer babies

A

Babies whose characteristics may be selected by parents to avoid inherited weaknesses or to choose desired physical features

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24
Q

Saviour siblings

A

Babies selected to provide genetic material for seriously ill relatives

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25
Q

Immorality of the soul

A

The idea that the soul lives on after the death of the body

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26
Q

Resurrection

A

The belief that after death the body remains in the grave until the end of the world before rising again when God will come to judge

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27
Q

Judgement

A

God deciding about individual deeds, good and bad, and rewarding or punishing

28
Q

Righteousness

A

Behaving in a just and fair way, doing what is considered I be right. ‘justice with compassion’ - RABBI SACKS

29
Q

Emergency aid

A

Giving needy people short-term aid as a response to a crisis or disaster, eg. food in times of famine it war

30
Q

Long-term aid

A

Helping needy people to help themselves by providing the tools, education and funding for projects. This type of aid is given by WJR

31
Q

World Jewish Relief

A

British Jewish-run charity to relive poverty

32
Q

Tzedaka

A

Doing righteous acts, giving to charity

33
Q

Purpose of life

A

The goal of life and the reason for living

34
Q

Justice

A

Bringing about what is right, fair, according to the law or making up for a wrong that has been committed

35
Q

Anti-Semitism

A

Prejudice towards Jews

36
Q

Nuclear war

A

A war in which the participants use nuclear weapons

37
Q

Disarmament

A

The abolition of weapons

38
Q

Terrorism

A

When groups use violence or the threat of violence to achieve their aims, rather than using a democratic process

39
Q

Pacifism

A

The belief that violence and war is unnecessary and that there are other way to resolve disputes

40
Q

Protest

A

An action to show disagreement with something, for example government policy

41
Q

Stewardship

A

The belief that mankind has a responsibility to protect the world God created for them

42
Q

Pollution

A

Harming the natural world by adding man-made toxins

43
Q

Conservation

A

Protecting the natural world

44
Q

Environmental conservation

A

Looking after the natural resources of the planet by taking steps to conserve them

45
Q

Animal rights

A

The belief that animals have a dignity just as humans do and should be given care and protection

46
Q

Punishment

A

That which is don’t to people because they have broken the law

47
Q

Forgiveness

A

To pardon people for something that they have done wrong. In biblical times, it is believed that only God could forgive sins.

48
Q

Deterrence

A

To put people off committing crimes. One of the aims of punishment.

49
Q

Reparation

A

If criminals commit and crime and are caught, their punishment should make up for the loss that the victim suffered as a result of that crime

50
Q

Protection

A

To stop the criminal hurting anyone is society. An aim of punishment

51
Q

Reformation

A

Punishment with the aim of changing the person’s criminal behaviour and making them into a responsible citizen

52
Q

Retribution

A

If people do something wrong then they should receive a punishment that is fitting for the crime that they committed. Often referred to as revenge

53
Q

A fine

A

A form of punishment in which an offender pays a sum of money

54
Q

Community service

A

Work which helps the community - sometimes used as a punishment for offenders

55
Q

Death penalty

A

Form of punishment in which a prisoner is put to death for crimes committed

56
Q

Marriage

A

A legal union between man and woman

57
Q

Divorce

A

Legal ending of a marriage

58
Q

Remarriage

A

Getting married again

59
Q

Chastity

A

refraining from sex outside of the married relationship

60
Q

Homosexuality

A

Attraction to a member of the same gender

61
Q

Homosexual relationship

A

A sexual relationship with someone of the same sex

62
Q

Mikveh

A

The ritual bath designed for the total immersion of people so that they might be cleansed

63
Q

Ritual cleansing

A

When a person undergoes a purifying ceremony, e.g. A woman bathes in the Mikveh at the end of menstruation

64
Q

Prescribed drugs

A

Drugs which are legal, obtained in written instruction of a doctor

65
Q

Illegal drugs

A

Drugs whose possession is against the law

66
Q

Yeshiva

A

A college where the Torah and Talmud are studied

JS ETHICS (2 decks)

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