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Child Development > Key Words > Flashcards

Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

Baby blues

A

mood swings following birth due to hormone imbalance

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2
Q

Eat well plate

A

visual image of recommended daily proportions

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3
Q

RNI

A

reference nutrient intake

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4
Q

Food intolerance

A

the body’s digestive system doesn’t produce enough of a particular enzyme to digest food properly

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5
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

severe/life threatening allergic reaction

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6
Q

Cross infection

A

passing of germs from one person to another

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7
Q

Balanced diet

A

diet that provides all the body’s you need/variety of all food types

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8
Q

Development

A

increasing abilities, skills and understanding

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9
Q

Pincer grasp

A

use of index finger

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10
Q

Colic

A

painful condition in the gut, tends to occur at the same time each month and can go on for several

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11
Q

Lanugo

A

soft downy hairs covering the skin in the womb

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12
Q

Episiotomy

A

cut made in the perineum to avoid a woman tearing during birth

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13
Q

Caesarean section

A

delivering a baby by surgery, cut open from the lower abdomen

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14
Q

Neonate

A

a new born baby ages up to 1 month

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15
Q

Cognitive

A

knowledge in the widest sense, involving a range of skills and understanding concepts

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16
Q

Primitive reflexes

A

automatic responses to stimuli

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17
Q

Nature

A

inherited qualities

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18
Q

Nurture

A

environmental qualities

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19
Q

Self image

A

your identity, who you think you are

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20
Q

Self esteem

A

how you feel about yourself

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21
Q

Separation anxiety

A

concern shown by very young children when separated from their main carer

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22
Q

Ward play worker

A

trained carer/nurse who understands the specific children while in hospital

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23
Q

Conception

A

when sperm fertilises an egg

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24
Q

EAR

A

estimated average requirements

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25
Q

Uterus (womb)

A

strong muscle that expands during pregnancy to contain the growing baby

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26
Q

Sensory development

A

the use of the body’s 5 main senses to explore and learn

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27
Q

Menstruation

A

regular flow of blood from the vagina as the lining of the uterus breaks down

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28
Q

Child provision

A

day-care for children so that a parent can work

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29
Q

Extended family

A

Different generations of a family live together e.g. parents, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins

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30
Q

Nuclear family

A

parents and children

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31
Q

Single parent family

A

one parent looks after the children alone

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32
Q

Shared care family

A

both parents share the care and decisions about the child

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33
Q

Step/re-constituted family

A

adults in a new partnership bring children with them

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34
Q

Multicultural

A

mix of different cultures

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35
Q

Ethnic minority

A

group of people with common features e.g. race, religion, culture, food and language

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36
Q

Lifestyle

A

the way we live/what we do

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37
Q

Pre-conceptual care

A

preparations made by a woman before conceiving

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38
Q

Feet to foot

A

laying a baby to sleep with their feet at the bottom of the cot

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39
Q

Layette

A

Clothing and bedding needed for a new baby

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40
Q

Accident

A

unexpected incident that cause damage or injury

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41
Q

Risk assessment

A

a check for possible dangers/risks

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42
Q

Accident prevention

A

taking precautions to avoid accidents

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43
Q

Convulsion

A

violent shaking/spasm

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44
Q

Puberty

A

when a boy/girl matures sexually

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45
Q

Ovum

A

woman’s egg

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46
Q

Hormone

A

chemical released into the blood that has a specific effect

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47
Q

Fertilisation

A

process of the sperm entering the ovum

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48
Q

Placenta

A

develops alongside baby during pregnancy, provides vital hormones and nutrients

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49
Q

Contraceptive

A

prevents pregnance

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50
Q

Salmonella

A

bacteria that causes food poisoning, found in raw eggs and chicken

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51
Q

Safe sex

A

having sex while both preventing pregnancy and STIs

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52
Q

Listeria

A

bacteria found in soft cheese and raw fish that can cause a miscarriage

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53
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

infection caused by a micro-organism found in animal faeces

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54
Q

Infertility

A

being unable to conceive a child

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55
Q

Surrogate mother

A

a woman who bears a baby on behalf of another woman

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56
Q

Dominant gene

A

only need one for it to show

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57
Q

Recessive gene

A

need two for it to show

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58
Q

Genetic counselor

A

person who explains genetic risks to couples before they decide to have a baby

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59
Q

Informed decision

A

knowing all the possible outcomes of the decision you make

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60
Q

Antenatal

A

care given to mother and baby before birth

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61
Q

EDD

A

estimated delivery date

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62
Q

Ectopic pregnance

A

implantation occurs in fallopian tube

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63
Q

Miscarriage

A

sudden loss of an unborn baby

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64
Q

Threatened abortion

A

signs of a potential miscarriage but all is ok

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65
Q

Inevitable miscarriage

A

the foetus is pushed from the uterus by the woman’s body

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66
Q

Missed abortion

A

foetus is dead in the uterus and has to be surgically removed

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67
Q

General practitioner (GP)

A

family doctor

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68
Q

Obstertrician

A

doctor specialising in the care of women during pregnancy

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69
Q

Gynaecologist

A

doctor specialising in problems during pregnancy

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70
Q

Peadiatrician

A

doctor specialising in the care of babies/children

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71
Q

Routine

A

straightforward and offered to everyone

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72
Q

Hyperemesis

A

severe vomiting during pregnancy

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73
Q

Ketosis

A

dangerous condition where high levels of ketones build up in a pregnant woman’s urine

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74
Q

Intravenous

A

fluids given straight into the blood via a drip

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75
Q

Screening test

A

test to check for any potential problems

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76
Q

Diagnostic test

A

test to help identify problems

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77
Q

Birth plan

A

plan of how the mother wants labour to progress. can include: type of birth, who’s present, pain relief, where etc.

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78
Q

Contraction

A

tightening of the muscles of the uterus

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79
Q

Birth canal

A

vagina, cervix and uterus (form one channel)

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80
Q

Crowning

A

baby’s head appears in the vagina

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81
Q

Prineum

A

skin between the rectum and vagina

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82
Q

Oxytocin

A

hormone that stimulates contractions and reduces bleeding after birth

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83
Q

Pethidine

A

a drug for pain relief during labour

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84
Q

Entanox

A

gas and air

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85
Q

Epidural

A

anesthetic given via the spine, numbs from the waist down

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86
Q

Anaesthetic

A

stops you feeling pain

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87
Q

TENS

A

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

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88
Q

Endorphins

A

body’s natural pain relieving chemicals

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89
Q

Confinement

A

time a woman gives birth

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90
Q

Syntocin

A

drug used to induce labour

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91
Q

Forceps

A

tongs that help pull the baby through the vagina

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92
Q

Ventouse

A

helps deliver the baby using suction

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93
Q

Root

A

instinctive search for the breast

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94
Q

Apgar score

A

measurement of vital signs in newborn babaies

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95
Q

Congenital

A

anything present at birth

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96
Q

Millia

A

tiny white spots that soon go away

97
Q

Vernix

A

greasy/creamy white substance that protects the baby in the womb

98
Q

Pre-term

A

baby born before 37 weeks (premature)

99
Q

Gastation

A

time a baby spends developing in the womb, usually 40 weeks

100
Q

Full term

A

baby born around 40 weeks

101
Q

Small for dates

A

baby born full term but lighter than average

102
Q

SIDS

A

sudden infant death syndrome, when a baby dies suddenly for no reason

103
Q

Post-natal depression

A

new mothers severe feelings that she cant cope, even when shes coping fine

104
Q

‘five a day’

A

recommended number of fruit and veg to be eaten each day

105
Q

DRV

A

dietary reference values

106
Q

Deficiency

A

lack of something causing a negative effect

107
Q

Anaemia

A

not enough red blood cells, common if diet doesn’t contain enough iron

108
Q

Use by date

A

date manufacturers recommended that food is eaten by

109
Q

Best before date

A

last date on which a food is safe to eat

110
Q

Food additives

A

natural or chemically made substances added to foods

111
Q

Allergens

A

natural substances that can cause allergies

112
Q

Kosher

A

food cleaned/prepared according to Jewish rule

113
Q

Colostrums

A

rich creamy milk produced by the mother in the first few days after birth

114
Q

Antibodies

A

defense system in the body

115
Q

Fore milk

A

initial milk produced during a feed that satisfies immediate hunger

116
Q

Hind milk

A

second richer milk produced during a feed which gives longer term satisfaction

117
Q

Lactose

A

milk-sugar in cows milk that’s not easily digested by some babies

118
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

bacterial infection of the stomach which causes sickness and diarrhea

119
Q

Mastitis

A

painful inflammation of the breast

120
Q

Engorgement

A

the breast is overfull with milk, making it hard to suckle and painful for the mum

121
Q

Sterilisation

A

method of cleaning that destroys germs

122
Q

Cooled boiled water

A

water that’s been boiled then left to cool, its used for formula feeds

123
Q

Weaning

A

gradual introduction of solids to a baby’s diet

124
Q

Food allergy

A

body’s immune system thinks a (usually safe) food is harmful and fights it

125
Q

Celiac desiase

A

intolerance to gluten (a protein) found in wheat, rye, barley and oats

126
Q

Halal

A

to kill animals according to Muslim law

127
Q

Poor diet

A

diet that lacks sufficient nutrients for good health

128
Q

Obesity

A

being seriously overweight and risking health problems

129
Q

Good hygiene practice

A

careful hand washing before handling food and after using the toilet etc

130
Q

Vaccination

A

injection of dead/weakened disease to protect against infectious illnesses

131
Q

Immunisation programme

A

set of vaccinations that build up to the level of protection needed

132
Q

Pyrexia

A

raised temp over 37.5 degrees

133
Q

Dehydration

A

body’s lost too much fluids due to vomiting, diarrhea or pyrexia etc

134
Q

Febrile convulsion

A

sever reaction by some children to a high temp

135
Q

Passive smoking

A

involuntary inhalation of tobacco/smoke from cigaretts

136
Q

Growth

A

gradual increase in size

137
Q

Percentile charts

A

charts used by health professionals to monitor a child’s development

138
Q

Milestones

A

stages of development

139
Q

Growth curve

A

line showing how a child’s measurements (height, weight) are developing

140
Q

Developmental testing

A

checks made on babies/young children at specific ages to monitor progress and see they’re developing as expected

141
Q

Gender

A

male or female

142
Q

Gross motor skills

A

skills involving majour muscles e.g. walking

143
Q

Fine motor skills

A

skills involving hands, fingers and thumbs e.g. picking something up

144
Q

Sensory development

A

use of the body’s 5 senses to explore and learn

145
Q

Interdependent

A

different things rely upon each other in order to succeed

146
Q

Involuntary reflex actions

A

automatic responses, seen in babies in their earliest days/weeks

147
Q

Head lag

A

inability to support the heads weight

148
Q

Balance

A

moving in a controlled manner

149
Q

Coordination

A

being able to plan, combine and control a sequence of movements

150
Q

Spatial awareness

A

appreciation of the size/space around so it can be used accurately

151
Q

Palmer grasp

A

whole hand holds things, reflex action

152
Q

Primitive grasp

A

clumsy grasp of crayons etc

153
Q

Hand-eye coordination

A

using vision to help control actions

154
Q

Tripod grasp `

A

adult grip of a pen to control it

155
Q

Sensory mouthing

A

using the mouth to explore objects

156
Q

Object permanence

A

understanding that something exists even when it cant be seen

157
Q

Language

A

a means of communication

158
Q

Concept

A

General idea used to sort out/understand the environment e.g. colours, numbers, size etc

159
Q

Imagination

A

use of thinking to visualise/plan ideas

160
Q

Creativity

A

being able to express oneself in different ways

161
Q

Egocentricity

A

not taking anyone else’s needs/views into account

162
Q

Conservation

A

Understanding that things can be the same even if they look different

163
Q

Concentration

A

ability to focus for a period of time

164
Q

Conceptualisation

A

organisation of thinking/understanf

165
Q

Reasoning

A

understanding the cause and effect of actions

166
Q

Memory

A

power to store and retrieve info in the mind

167
Q

Problem solving

A

ability to think of ways to sort out a problem, puzzle or difficult situation

168
Q

Verbal

A

spoken

169
Q

Non verbal

A

unspoken

170
Q

Passive vocabulary

A

words that are understood but not used (in speech)

171
Q

Active vocabulary

A

use of speech or signs

172
Q

Turn taking

A

coos and gurgles in response to words and sounds

173
Q

Monosyllabic babbling

A

repetitive sounds e.g. dadadadadadada

174
Q

Polysyllabic sounds

A

changes in tone and pitch e.g. memomemomemo

175
Q

Jargon

A

words that aren’t recognised easily by others

176
Q

Holophrase

A

word that’s used to describe more than one object belonging to a group

177
Q

Echolalia

A

repeating the last word/sound heard

178
Q

Telegraphic speech

A

short sentences that lack ‘joining’ words

179
Q

Motherses

A

tone of voice often used by adults when talking to babies

180
Q

Emergent writing

A

child’s first attempts at forming letters as a means of communication

181
Q

Socialisation

A

learning the behavior and cultural expectations of family and society

182
Q

Primary socialisation

A

influences of family and immediate social circle on social development

183
Q

Secondary socialisation

A

influences from wider community (friends, teachers) on social development

184
Q

Discipline

A

setting of behavioral boundaries and expectations

185
Q

Bonding

A

strong emotional tie between child and main carer, usually starts at birth

186
Q

Emotions

A

feelings

187
Q

Comfoter

A

thumb or other item that soothes/comforts a child

188
Q

Solitary play

A

first stage, play alone

189
Q

Parallel play

A

second stage, play alongside but not with another child

190
Q

Looking on play

A

third stage, observe other children playing

191
Q

Joining in play

A

fourth stage, play together with v.simple signs of communication

192
Q

Cooperative play

A

fifth stage, children communicate and play together

193
Q

Stereotyping

A

making generalisations about people rather than seeing them as an individual, pre-judging

194
Q

Bullying

A

hurting/intimidating someone weaker

195
Q

Tantrum

A

loss of control of emotions

196
Q

Discipline

A

upholding rules of good behaviour

197
Q

Positive rienforcement

A

giving praise/rewards for good bahaviour

198
Q

Boundaries

A

clear limits within which the children have to stay

199
Q

Sanction

A

punishment where something is taken away

200
Q

Regressive bahaviour

A

displays of behavior reverting/goingbackwards

201
Q

Play deprivation/malnourishment

A

children aren’t given enough opportunities to play freely

202
Q

Play based learning

A

learning opportunities are provided through play

203
Q

Structured play

A

play that’s organised by adults and has a purpose

204
Q

Spontaneous play

A

child can choose how and what they do freely

205
Q

Creative

A

expressing oneself in different ways

206
Q

Exploratory (discovery) play

A

playing using senses

207
Q

Special needs

A

term used for children who need extra help/support

208
Q

3D

A

solid shape with height, length and depth

209
Q

Small world play

A

children play out their understanding of the world in miniature (farms, railways)

210
Q

Story sack

A

bag of toys, games and objects linked to a specific story

211
Q

Storyboards

A

sequence of pictures to form a story

212
Q

Household play

A

play (safely) using everyday objects from around the home

213
Q

Technology

A

electronic programs that make household/everyday items and toys work

214
Q

Programme

A

built in instructions to a computer/object that make it work

215
Q

Concept skills

A

skills requiring thought and a range of ideas

216
Q

Childcare provisions

A

places and people who care for young children between birth and starting school, can be in the home or a group setting

217
Q

Setting (childcare)

A

place that provides group care e.g. nurseries, creches and pre-schools

218
Q

Childminder

A

someone who takes children into their own home to look after them, they’re registered and qualified

219
Q

Nanny

A

someone who cares for a child in the child’s home daily or lives with their family, may not be qualified

220
Q

Au pair

A

someone who looks after a child in the child’s home, usually whilst their learning English. are usually unqualified and inexperienced

221
Q

Key person

A

member of staff in a childcare setting who has particular responsibility for an individual child

222
Q

Child centered

A

the child’s needs are central to what happens

223
Q

High staff turnover

A

staff leave frequantly and new staff arrive

224
Q

One to one care

A

a child gets individual attention from a carer

225
Q

EYFS

A

early years foundation stages

226
Q

Early years practitioner

A

someone who works with and teaches early years children

227
Q

EYFS principles

A

4 main themes of the EYFS (unique child, positive relationship, enabling environments, learning and development)

228
Q

Sure start

A

government program aimed to provide a good start in life for all children

229
Q

Bookstart

A

orginisation that promotes the value of books and reading

230
Q

Bookstart book crawl

A

bookstart scheme to encourage the use of libraries

231
Q

Booktouch

A

bookstart pack for blind/partially blind children

232
Q

PIES

A

physical, intellectual, emotional, social

233
Q

Health visitor

A

qualified nurse with additional specialist health visitor training

234
Q

Mainstream

A

a ‘group’ care setting/school for all children

235
Q

Support

A

means of helping

236
Q

SENCO

A

special educational needs coordinator

237
Q

Statutory assessment

A

detailed, multi-professional examination and assessment of a child

238
Q

Ofsted

A

office of standards in education

239
Q

RIDDOR

A

reporting if injuries diseases and dangerous occurrences regulations

Child Development (1 decks)

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