key words Flashcards
acetylation
an epigenetic modification of histones
adult stem cells
stem cells found in stages of development from foetus onwards
agarose
what the gel is made from in gel electrophoresis
blastocyst
source of embryonic stem cells
cytosine
base which is chemically modified by an epigenetic tag
differentiation
the process of a cell becoming specialised
DNA ligase
joins DNA fragments together
DNA polymerase
makes DNA in PCR
epigenome
all the chemical tags associated with chromatin
gel electrophoresis
used to separate DNA fragments
gene activation
caused by acetylation
gene expression
transcription and translation of a gene
gene inactivation
caused by methylation
green fluorescent protein
an example of a marker gene
histones
proteins used to make nucleosomes
IPS cells
stem cells reprogrammed from specialised cells
marker gene
used to find bacteria containing an inserted gene
methylation
an epigenetic modification of DNA
miRNA
RNA that targets less specific mRNAs for RNA interference
multipotent
stem cells which can develop into a few different types in the same system
nucleosome
a complex of 9 histone proteins and DNA
oestrogen
a steroid hormone that stimulates transcription
oncogene
dominant cancer gene (codes for a protein that promotes cell division)
PCR
used to amplify DNA
pluripotent
stem cells which can develop into all other cell types
