Key Words Flashcards
Define Socialisation
The process of learning all the things necessary for us to be accepted as full members of society. Norms and Values
Define Primary Socialisation
Relationship between an individual and someone they are close with (Primary relationships). For example. family, friends
Define Gender
Refers to the cultural expectations associated with being male or female. Refers to whether an individual is masculine or feminine
Define Culture
What does it consist of?
The whole life of a group of people passes from one generation to the next. It consists of norms, values, interests, habits, and language.
Define Communism
Classless society where everyone shares the same labour
Define Conflict Theory
Marxists see society based on Class conflict. Argue society is divided into two social classes:
Proletariat: Own nothing but their own labour. Sell their labour to survive.
Bourgeoisie: Own the means of production (Factories, Land, Raw materials)
Define Determinism
When external forces determine our decisions in life.
Define Subculture
A cultural group within a larger culture, has distinctive beliefs to the larger culture. (Gangs)
Define Gender Identity
Refers to the gender a person identifies with
Define Norms
Rules or guidelines that govern our behaviour in specific situations
Define Organic Analogy
Society is like a biological organism (human body)
Define Means of Production
Factories, raw material, land that the bourgeoisie own
Define False Class Consciousness
Refers to when people are unaware that they are being exploited
Define Role
How someone with a particular status is expected to act
Define Gender Socialisation
refers to the process in learning our gender identity
Define Construction of Gender
behaviours associated with each gender are socially constructed
Define Sex
Refers to whether an individual is male or female. It can be linked to physical characteristics
Define Ideological Control
Set of beliefs that serve the interest of a dominant group justifying their privileged position.
Define Consensus
Functionalists see society as based on value consensus. An agreement among its members about its basic values
-See society as one body, if one part does not work all of society will dysfunction
Define Society
A group of people who have common interests and a distinctive culture.
Define Nurture
The belief that our behaviour is learned from our environment. modelling
Define Glass Ceiling
An invisible barrier (in the world of business) which prevents women from achieving the top positions in society.
Define Secondary Socialisation
Relationship between individuals and people who they have secondary relationships with. **(Education, Media)
Define Capitalism
Type of economy which is based on competition and the production of goods for profit.
Define Construction of Gender
behaviours associated with each gender are socially constructed
Define Values
Ideas about what is good, right, fair, or desirable.
(British values, honesty, respect)
Define Nature
The belief that a person’s behaviour is passed down (inherited)
Define Social Structures
GROUPS: Family, Peer Groups, Friendship Groups
ORGANISATIONS: School, Legal System, Workplace, Media
Define Free Will
The ability to act without external forces determining our decisions
Define Value Consensus
Members of society agreeing on norms and values. Holds society together and social order is achieved
Define Patriarchy
A male-dominated society
Define Formal/Informal Sanctions
Formal Sanctions- Uphold the law (fine, unemployment)
Informal Sanctions- Uphold expectations. ensures individuals are following norms (weird looks/stares or exclusion)
UPHOLDING NORMS = REWARDS
Define Status
A position in society
Ascribed Status: determined by fixed characteristics (Gender, Race
Achieved Status: determined by a person’s effort or ability. (getting into university)
Define Social Control
Refers to the process that society uses to control its members
Define Social Control
A way of ensuring that societies members behave as others expect them to by using positive/negative sanctions.
Define Canalisation
When parents, carers, or others we interact with as children direct us towards the expected gender. (Parents may buy a girl a football or a girl a doll.
