KEY WORDS

Question 1

ministerial council

Answer 1

composed of the Ministers for Foreign Affairs and is the central decision making and governing body of the organisation

Question 2

autocratic

Answer 2

a ruler who has absolute power

Question 3

Zemstvo

Answer 3

local councils with powers to provide roads, schools and medical services

Question 4

emancipation manifesto

Answer 4

proclaimed the emancipation of the serfs on private estates and of the domestic serfs

Question 5

serfs

Answer 5

an agricultural labourer bound by the feudal system who was tied to working on their Lord’s estate

Question 6

representative assembly

Answer 6

a political institution where a number of persons representing the population come together to debate

Question 7

Most Holy Synod

Answer 7

a congregation of Orthodox Church leaders in Russia

Question 8

ober-procurator

Answer 8

Head of the most holy synod (effectively the head of the Russian orthodox church) and a member of the Tsar’s cabinet.

Question 9

tariffs

Answer 9

a tax that a government collects on goods coming into a country

Question 10

metallurgical

Answer 10

to do with the branch of science that deals with metals.

Question 11

epoch

Answer 11

an event or time that begins a new period or development

Question 12

pogroms

Answer 12

a violent riot incited with the aim of massacring or expelling san ethnic or religious group particularly Jews.

Question 13

sedition

Answer 13

conduct or speech inciting people to rebel against authority of a state or monarch

Question 14

scourge

Answer 14

a person or thing that causes great trouble or suffering.

Question 15

bureaucratic

Answer 15

a government which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than elected representatives.

Question 16

radicalism

Answer 16

the opinion and behaviour of people who favour extreme changes especially in government.