Key words Flashcards
What are Norms?
Society’s socially accepted rules that govern behaviour in situations
What are Values?
Guidelines telling us what is right or wrong
What is Deviance?
Something that goes against the norms of society
What are positive sanctions?
Rewards for behaviour approved by society
What are Negative sanctions?
Punishments of various kinds for behaviour disapproved of by society
What are Formal sanctions?
Punishment for breaking laws (rules) imposed by the criminal justice system or school for things like theft
What are informal sanctions?
Rules not formally written down,for when someone breaks ‘unspoken rules’ such as swearing imposed by family
What is ‘actus reus’
‘guilty act’
What is ‘mens rea’
‘guilty mind’
(motive,intent)
What is strict liability?
Used in summary offences like speeding e.g. you have assumed knowledge because of your driving license
Mens rea is not needed
What are summary offences?
Things like speeding (low level common crime) don’t need mens rea
What are Indictable offences?
A serious crime that requires a formal charge (indictment) and a trial in a higher court.
Examples: Murder, robbery, sexual assault, drug trafficking.
What is a caution?
A formal warning given by police for minor crimes and it goes on your record
What is a conditional caution?
a warning given by the police for a minor crime, but you must follow certain conditions, like paying a fine or attending rehab.
What is a penalty notice
a fine given by police for minor offenses, like littering or public disorder.
What is a custodial sentence?
when someone is sent to prison as punishment for a crime.
What is a community sentence?
a punishment where someone does unpaid work or follows rules like attending rehab, instead of going to jail
What is a fine?
a money penalty given as punishment for breaking the law.
What is a Conditional discharge?
it is where the offender won’t be punished unless they commit another offence within a certain time period
What is an absolute discharge?
you are not punished at all and discharged as attending court may have been punishment enough
