Key words Flashcards
what is a Phoneme
The smallest unit of sound that can distinguish meaning in a language.
what is articulation?
The physical production of speech sounds
what is the place of articulation?
The point of contact in that an articulator touches or approaches the other articulator
what is the Manner of articulation
How airflow is constricted in the vocal tract during the production of a sound.
what is Aspiration?
The small amount of oral breath that occurs on voiceless plosives
what is voicing?
whether the vocal folds vibrate or not
what is Assimulation?
A concept in connected speech, when one phoneme is influenced by surrounding phonemes in place, voice or manner e.g /tem bisgits/ rather than ten biscuits.
what are the articulators in an alveolar?
active articulator- front of the tongue
passive articulator - alveolar ridge
what is an affricate?
A plosive combined with a fricative
what is an active articulator?
the articulator that moves to make a phoneme
what is a cardinal vowel?
a vowel that the tongue is in a particular position for
what is glottalisation?
A complete or partial closure of the glottis during the articulation of a sound.
what is Elision?
Sounds with appear in single words but can be lost in connected speech e.g., ‘first’ can loose it’s ‘t’ in ‘the first signs’
what is a glottal stop?
a constant formed buy complete closure of the glottis
what is a liason?
In connected speech where a vowels schwa sound is followed without a pause by another vowel, an /ɹ / is inserted between them.
what does the manner of articulation mean?
Manner of articulation – describes how the sound is made and the type of closure. It is a parameter that categorises the airstream and how the turbulence is formed.
what is a nasal?
Sonorants where the eggressive airsteam is directed into the nasal cavities by the velum being lowered and open with air stopped in the oral cavity.
what is a plosive?
Plosives are characterised by complete closure in the oral tract preventing airflow from exiting through the mouth.
what is the difference between a phonemic transcription and phonetic
phonemic = how it should be said ( no diacritics)
Phonetic = how it is said (with a diacritics)
what does pulmonic mean?
Consonants that depend on an egressive airflow originating from the lungs.
what is sonority?
Loudness or audibility of a speech sound or segment
what is a suffix?
a letter or group of letters added at the end of a word to make a new word
What is a fricative?
A sound produced by a narrow construction causing turbulent airflow
What is a plosive
Complete closure then release of airflow
What is an approximat
An approximate is construction without creating turbulent air flow
What is a lateral approximant?
Air flows around the side of the tongue
What is a lateral approximant?
Air flows around the side of the tongue
What is a trill?
Rapid repeated contact
What is a tap or flap?
A single quick contact
What is a lateral fricative?
Sound produced with lateral airflow
Alveolar
The tongue contacts the alveolar ridge
What is a postalveolar?
The tongue contacts the area just behind the alveolar
What is a retro flex?
The tongue too curls back to contact the area behind the alveolar ridge
What is the palatel
The tongue contacts the hard palette
What is a velar
The tongue contacts the soft pallete or velum
What is a uvular?
The back of the tongue contacts the uvula
What is a pharyngeal?
The tongue root is retracted towards the pharynx
What is a glottal?
Sounds produced by the vocal chords
