Key Words

Question 1

Brownfield site

Answer 1

Land that has been used but then abandoned and sits waiting for use. Commonly found across urban areas, particularly in the inner city.

Question 2

Dereliction

Answer 2

Abandoned buildings and wasteland

Question 3

Economic opportunities

Answer 3

Chances for people to improve their standard of living through employment

Question 4

Greenfield site

Answer 4

A plot of rural land that has not yet been used for any building development.

Question 5

Inequalities

Answer 5

Differences between poverty and wealth, as well as in peoples’ wellbeing and access to things like jobs, housing and education. Inequalities may occur in housing provision, access to services, access to open land, safety and security.

Question 6

Integrated transport systems

Answer 6

When different transport methods connect together, making journeys smoother and
therefore public transport more appealing. Better integration should result in more demand for public transport and should see people switching from private car use to public modes of transport, which should be more sustainable. It may also lead to a fall in congestion due to less road users.

Question 7

Mega-cities

Answer 7

An urban area with a total population in excess of ten million people

Question 8

Migration

Answer 8

When people move from one area to another with the intention of settling there.

Question 9

Natural increase

Answer 9

The birth rate minus the death rate of a population

Question 10

Pollution

Answer 10

The presence of chemicals, noise, dirt or other substances which have harmful or poisonous
effects on an environment

Question 11

Rural-urban fringe

Answer 11

Where the rural area meets the urban area

Question 12

Sanitation

Answer 12

Measures designed to protect public health, including the provision of clean water and the
disposal of sewage and waste.

Question 13

Social deprivation

Answer 13

The degree to which an individual or an area is not able to access services, decent housing,
adequate income and local employment.

Question 14

Social opportunities

Answer 14

Chances for people to improve their quality of life, for instance access to education and healthcare.

Question 15

Squatter settlement

Answer 15

An area of poor-quality housing, at times lacking in amenities such as water supply, sewerage and electricity, which often develops spontaneously on land not owned by the occupants.

Question 16

Sustainable urban living

Answer 16

A sustainable city is one in which there is minimal damage to the environment, the economic base is sound with resources allocated fairly and jobs secure, and there is a strong sense of community, with local people involved in decisions made. Sustainable urban living includes several aims including the use of renewable resources, energy efficiency, use of public transport, accessible resources and services

Question 17

Traffic congestion

Answer 17

Occurs when there is too great a volume of traffic for roads to cope with, so traffic jams form and traffic slows to a crawl.

Question 18

Urban greening

Answer 18

The process of increasing and preserving open space such as public parks and gardens in urban areas.

Question 19

Urbanisation

Answer 19

The process by which an increasing percentage of a country’s population comes to live in towns and cities. Rapid urbanisation occurs in many LICs and NEEs.

Question 20

Urban regeneration

Answer 20

The revival of old parts of the built up area by either installing modern facilities in old
buildings or opting for redevelopment (ie demolishing existing buildings
and starting afresh).

Question 21

Urban sprawl

Answer 21

The unplanned growth of urban areas into the surrounding rural areas.

Question 22

Waste recycling

Answer 22

The process of extracting and reusing useful substances found in waste.