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Chem > Key Words > Flashcards

Key Words Flashcards

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1
Q

Define homologus series

A

A series of organic compounds with the same functional group but with each succesive member differing by CH²

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2
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

A compound of hydrogen and carbon atoms only

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3
Q

What does saturated mean

A

Containing single bonds only.

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4
Q

Define Mono-unsaturated

A

An organic compound that is saturated except for one multiple bond.

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5
Q

Define unsaturated

A

Containing a multiple carbon-carbon bond

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6
Q

Define molecular formula

A

A formula that shows the number and the type of atoms in each element present in a molecule

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7
Q

Define emperical formula

A

The formula that shows the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms of each element present in a molecule.

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8
Q

Define structural formula

A

A formula showing the minimal detail for the arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

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9
Q

Define structural isomerism

A

Molecules with the same molecular formula but with different structural formulae.

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10
Q

Define Stereoisomerism

A

Compound with the same structural formula but with a different arrangement of the atoms in space.

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11
Q

Define E/Z isomerism

A

A type of stereoisomerism in which different groups attached to each carbon of a c=c double bond may also be arranged differently in space because of the restricted rotation of the c=c bond.

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12
Q

Define Displayed formula

A

A formula showing the relative positioning of all the atoms in a molecule and the bonds between them.

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13
Q

Define skeletal formula

A

A simplified organic formula with hydrogen atoms removed from alkyl chains, leaving just a carbon skeleton and associated functional group

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14
Q

Define Heterolytic fission

A

The breaking of a covalent bond forming a cation and an anion

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15
Q

Define Homolytic fission

A

The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to break each atom, forming two radicals.

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16
Q

Define Free radical

A

An atom, molecule, or ion that has at least one unpaired valence (outer) electron.

17
Q

Define electronegativity

A

A measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond.

18
Q

Define a polar bond.

A

A type of covalent bond between two or more atoms that share electrons unequally.

19
Q

Define polar molecule.

A

A molecule with an overall diapole, having taken into account any diapoles across bonda and the shape of the molecules.

20
Q

Define Carbocation

A

An ion that conatians a positively charged carbon atom.

21
Q

Define electrophile

A

An atom which is attracted to an electron-rich centre atom, where it accepts a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

22
Q

Define nucleophile

A

An atom which is attracted to an electron-deficient centre or atom, where it donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.

23
Q

Define addition

A

A reaction in which two reactants join together to form one product.

24
Q

Define substitution

A

A reaction in which an atom or group of atoms is replaced with a different atom or group of atoms

25
Q

Define Hydrolysis

A

A reaction with water that breaks a chemical compound into 2 compounds, the H and the OH in a water molecule becomes incorporated into the two compounds.

26
Q

Define Mechanism

A

Sequence of actual events that take place as reactant molecules are converted into products.

27
Q

Define aromatic

A

Containing one or more benzene rings.

28
Q

Define aliphatic

A

Containing carbon atoms joined together in a straight or branched chains.

29
Q

Define Alicyclic

A

Containing carbon atoms joined together in a ring that is not aromatic.

30
Q

Define Valence

A

Relating to or donating electrons involved in or available chemical bond formation.

31
Q

Define relative isotopic mass

A

Mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

32
Q

Define relative atomic mass

A

Weighted mean mass of an atom relative to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

33
Q

Define the standard enthalpy change of reaction

A

The enthalpy change when the molar quantities of chemicals react as given in the equation under standard conditions

34
Q

Define standard enthalpy change of formation

A

The enthalpy change when 1 mole of a compound is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states under standard conditions

Chem (6 decks)

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