key words

Question 1

social class definition

Answer 1

socio-economic background

Question 2

internal factors definition

Answer 2

interactions between pupils and teachers

Question 3

external factors definition

Answer 3

factors outside the school system

Question 4

cultural deprivation definition

Answer 4

theory that some groups of children are inadequately socialised and therefore lack the culture needed for educational success.

Question 5

cognitive definition

Answer 5

intellectual understanding

Question 6

restricted speech code

Answer 6

limited and informal vocabulary

Question 7

elaborated speech code

Answer 7

varied speech with a wider vocabulary

Question 8

sub-culture

Answer 8

a group whose attitudes and values differ from other cultures

Question 9

fatalism

Answer 9

the belief in fate

Question 10

collectivism

Answer 10

belief that being part of a group is more important than succeeding as an individual

Question 11

socialisation

Answer 11

the process of learning cultural norms and values through the structures of society

Question 12

social process

Answer 12

step-by-step interactions between individuals and social structures

Question 13

social structure

Answer 13

an organisation in society

Question 14

culture

Answer 14

shared norms, values, traditions, history, religion and language of a large group of people

Question 15

norms

Answer 15

unwritten rules that govern behaviour in particular situations

Question 16

values

Answer 16

shared general principles and beliefs, they tell us what is good or right.

Question 17

status

Answer 17

a position in society that is either ascribed or achieved

Question 18

primary socialisation

Answer 18

social process of learning cultural norms and values in early childhood

Question 19

secondary socialisation

Answer 19

social process of learning cultural norms and values in social structures such as school

Question 20

ethnic group minority

Answer 20

an ethnic group that make up a small percentage of the population

Question 21

gender

Answer 21

the identity and social behaviour associated with masculinity and femininity

Question 22

role

Answer 22

how a person in a particular social situation should act

Question 23

social theory

Answer 23

a perspective of society

Question 24

compensatory education

Answer 24

an attempt by schools to rebalance the gap caused by cultural deprivation

Question 25

material deprivation

Answer 25

lacking the materials necessary to support learning

Question 26

cultural capital

Answer 26

the knowledge, attitudes, values that middle class parents transmit to their children. middle class children have this advantage over the working class children

Question 27

immediate gratification

Answer 27

seeking instant pleasure over long-term hard work

Question 28

present-time orientation

Answer 28

seeing the present as more important than the future