key words Flashcards

1
Q

ātman

A

“self”

or self existence essence of individuals

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2
Q

avatāra

A

“descent”

descent forms or incarnations of visnu but more widely to any manifestation of a deity in a particular physical form

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3
Q

Bhagavadgītā

A

An episode of seven hundred verses embedded in book six of the great Sanskrit poem Mahābhārata

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4
Q

bhakti

A

“worship”. “devotion”, “participation”

religious attitudes and practices predicated on total devotion to a supreme deity

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5
Q

Brahmā

A

Brahma is a Hindu god, referred to as “The Creator” within the Trimurti, the triple deity of supreme divinity that includes Vishnu, and Shiva. He is associated with creation, knowledge and Vedas.

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6
Q

brahman/brāhmaṇa

A

Brahman is a supreme, universal spirit that is eternal and unchanging and is displayed as being present throughout the entire universe
- all living beings carry a part of Brahman within them. This divine spark is known as the atman , or soul, and it is immortal.

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7
Q

darshan

A

form of hindu worship and central to any extended form of puja
meeting of devotee and dietys eyes

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8
Q

dharma

A

‘truth’ ‘order’ ‘duty’ ‘order’

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9
Q

Durgā

A

A name given to the most prominent, fierce form of Devī,

warrior goddess

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10
Q

Kālī

A

name of fierce and terrible form of Devi

master of death, time and change

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11
Q

Kṛṣṇa (Krishna)

A

one of major hindu gods, regarded by his devotees as the supreme diety
some scholars refer to as the ‘composite’ god

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12
Q

Liṅga

A

mark, sign, phallus of siva

most often rendered today as a cylindrical form, set into an oval, round, or square base.

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13
Q

Mahābhārata

A

one of two ancient Indian/sanskrit epics

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14
Q

Mīmāṃsā

A

Mīmāṁsā is a Sanskrit word that means “reflection” or “critical investigation” and thus refers to a tradition of contemplation which reflected on the meanings of certain Vedic texts
one of six systems of `Indian philosophy

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15
Q

mokṣa

A

ultimate soteriological goal of an individual’s ritual, ethical, or devotional striving/ various forms of enlightenment, liberation/emancipation

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16
Q

prakṛti

A

the female of the two fundamental principles which constitute reality
ultimate cause of all material existence

17
Q

prasād(a)

A

free choice or action of a deity to favour a devotee with the means to liberation or liberations itself

food and water offered to a deity during worship
belief deity partakes of and returns offering by consecrating it

18
Q

pūjā

A

‘worship’

‘pūjā’ denotes the ritual worship of a deity in the form of an image

19
Q

Purāṇas

A

huge body of narrative religious texts
contain narratives from creation to destruction
some are discourses on cosmology

20
Q

puruṣa

A

male person/ supreme being

totality of things/essence of the individual

21
Q

Rāmāyaṇa

A

What is Ramayana in Hinduism?
The Ramayana is an ancient Sanskrit epic which follows Prince Rama’s quest to rescue his beloved wife Sita from the clutches of Ravana with the help of an army of monkeys.

22
Q

renouncer (saṃnyāsin)

A

member of the three higher varnas and has renounced external Vedic ritual and the life of the householder in order to dedicate himself to the pursuit of moksa

23
Q

Śakti (Shakti)

A

‘energy’/ ‘power’ personified as a feminine principle

either as male consort or independent goddess or devi

24
Q

Sāṃkhya

A

One of six darshans (philosophies) intimations of a fundamental dualism between male spirit and female matter
dualism of matter (prakriti) and the eternal spirit (purusha).

25
Śiva
One of the three great deities of medieval and subsequent Hinduism; destroyer
26
mūrti
The image, icon, or concrete form of a deity
27
Upaniṣads
The Upanishads are the philosophical-religious texts of Hinduism fourth layer of vedic literature
28
Vaiśeṣika
one of six darshanas | foundational texts attempts to identify the fundamental constituents of the material universe.
29
varṇa
The principle by which, according to Brahmanical ideology, society is ideally ranked in a complementary hierarchy of four ‘classes’ or varṇas (brahmins, kṣatriyas, vaiśyas, and śūdras), differentiated by particular social functions assigned by birth
30
Vedānta
one of six darshanas Vedanta reflects ideas that emerged from, or were aligned with, the speculations and philosophies contained in the Upanishads, specifically, knowledge and liberation
31
Vedas
primary sacred text | body of sanskrit texts
32
Viṣṇu (Vishnu)
One of the three great deities of medieval and subsequent Hinduism preserver and protector of the universe
33
yoga
one of six darshanas usually paired with samkhya goal is the state of blissful liberation closer to brahman
34
yoni
A stylized representation of female genitalia, representing the Goddess and/or female power (śakti) consort of shiva
35
Nyāya
one of six darshanas | 'reasoning' , 'logic', 'method'
36
Pārvatī
Hindu goddess of power, nourishment, harmony, devotion, and motherhood. She is Devi in her complete form.