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Design and Technology > Key Words > Flashcards

Key Words Flashcards

1
Q

Absorbency

A

The light ability of a material to draw in moisture, light or heat

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2
Q

Accuracy

A

The degree of closeness of a measurement to its true value

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3
Q

Adhesive

A

A chemical used to stick or glue objects together

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4
Q

Aesthetics

A

How a object appeals to the five senses

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5
Q

Alloy

A

A mixture of two or more metals

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6
Q

Annotation

A

Adding labels identifying and explaining the key features on a drawing

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7
Q

Anthropometric data

A

Measurements that are taken from millions of people of different shapes and sizes and placed in charts

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8
Q

Batch Production

A

Making a series of groups of identical products

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9
Q

Bill of materials

A

A list of materials and/or components needed to manufacture an end product

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10
Q

Biodegradable material

A

A material that decomposes rapidly as a result of the action of microorganisms

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11
Q

Biodegrade

A

Decompose or rot due to interaction with the environment

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12
Q

Bioplastics

A

Plastics made using biological substances instead of oil

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13
Q

Biopolymer

A

A polymeric substance produced by living organisms

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14
Q

Bleaching

A

A finish for fabrics that removes all natural colour

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15
Q

Blow moulding

A

A process used to shape hollow polymer products

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16
Q

Bonding

A

A method of joining fabrics without stitching

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17
Q

Boning

A

Using rigid strips of fabric /material to maintain the shape of a textile product

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18
Q

Brazing

A

A joining process for metals where a filler metal is melted to join parts together at high temperature

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19
Q

CAD

A

Computer-aided-design

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20
Q

Cam

A

A mechanism that converts rotary motion to reciprocating motion

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21
Q

Casting

A

Pouring molten metal into a mould to form a product

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22
Q

Circular economy

A

A model that aims to increase the use of renewable energy and design products that are ‘made to be made again’

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23
Q

CNC

A

Computer numerical control, using a string of numbers to control movements of a machine

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24
Q

Commercial impact

A

How well a product sells and generates revenue

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25
Q

Composite

A

A material made up of two or more other materials that are not chemically combined

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26
Q

Compression moulding

A

A process used to shape products from thermosetting polymer

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27
Q

Computer-aided-design

A

The use of a computer software to produce designs for products

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28
Q

Computer-aided-engineering

A

The use of a computer software to aid in engineering analysis tasks

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29
Q

Computer-aided-manufacturing

A

The use of a computer software to control machine tools to manufacture products

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30
Q

Concept model

A

A model produced to illustrate the overall concept of a proposed product

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31
Q

Corrosion Resistance

A

The ability of a material not to be damaged by its environment

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32
Q

Crafting

A

A drawing technique that uses boxes to act as a guideline for drawings

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33
Q

Darts

A

Folds coming to a point that are sewn into fabric to provide shape

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34
Q

Density

A

Mass of a material per unit volume

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35
Q

Design Brief

A

A short description of a design problem and how it is to be solved

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36
Q

Design classic

A

A product that has had a large influence on the world of design of the wider public

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37
Q

Die casting

A

A process where molten metal is shaped using pressure and a reusable mould

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38
Q

Die cutting

A

A process that uses metal blades and a press to cut a shape in paper or card

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39
Q

Disruptive technology

A

An innovation that creates a new market or way of doing things

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40
Q

Driver circuit

A

A circuit that is used to boost current levels to those needed by an output device

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41
Q

Durability

A

The ability of a material to last a long time without being damaged

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42
Q

Economies of scale

A

A saving in cost per product gained by making a higher number of products

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43
Q

Effort

A

The force applied to something

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44
Q

Elasticity

A

The ability of a material to return to its original shape when a force is removed

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45
Q

Electrical conductivity

A

The ability of electricity to pass through a material

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46
Q

Electronic system

A

A collection of input, process, driver and and output stages that respond to, change and produce different types of signal

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47
Q

End user

A

The person or people that will use the product when it is completed

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48
Q

Ergonomics

A

The study of how people interact with the products and systems around them

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49
Q

Etching

A

The use of a chemical, heat or machine to remove selected parts of a material surface

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50
Q

Ethical design

A

Designing with regard to people principles, beliefs and morals

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51
Q

Exclusive design

A

Design of products for a limited audience

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52
Q

Exploded drawing

A

A picture that shows how the parts of a product fit together

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53
Q

Exploring existing designs

A

Analysing and critiquing designs that have already been produced

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54
Q

Extrusion

A

Making a sectional shape by pushing material through a die

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55
Q

Fair trade

A

A movement that works to help people in developing countries get a fair deal for the products that they produce

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56
Q

Ferrous metal

A

Metal that contains a significant amount of iron

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57
Q

Finite resource

A

A resource of which there is only limited amount of

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58
Q

Flammability

A

How easy a material burns

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59
Q

Flow chart

A

A diagram that shows the order in which a series of commands or events is carried out

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60
Q

Fossil Fuels

A

Fuel created from the remains of dead organism over a long period of time; for example, coal, oil and gas

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61
Q

Fulcrum

A

The pivot point of a lever

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62
Q

Function

A

How a product or system works and/or what it does

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63
Q

Functionality

A

How well a product fulfils the purpose it needs to meet

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64
Q

Gathering

A

A sewing technique that allows a garment to increase fullness or widen out, or for shortening the length of a strip of fabric; allows a longer piece to be attached to a shorter piece

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65
Q

Gear

A

A mechanism used to transfer rotary motion, which can also change the direction or magnitude of the force transmitted

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66
Q

Grain

A

The growth rings visible on the surface of the wood

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67
Q

Graphene

A

A form of consisting of sheets which are one atom thick

68
Q

GSM

A

Grams per square metre;the thickness of paper or card

69
Q

Hardness

A

The resistance of a material to wear and abrasion

70
Q

Hardwood

A

Wood from deciduous trees that shreds their leaves during autumn

71
Q

Hydro-energy

A

Energy that is taken from flowing water, typically by releasing water from a dam to turn turbines

72
Q

Inclusive design

A

Design of products that can be used by everyone without special adaption’s

73
Q

Injection moulding

A

A process used to shape polymer products

74
Q

Input device

A

A device that turns a real-world signal, such as light,sound or movement, into an electronic signal

75
Q

Integrated circuit (IC)

A

A complete electronic circuit contained on a single small microchip

76
Q

Isometric Projection

A

A scaled 3D drawing with sides at an angle of 30 degrees to the baseline

77
Q

Iteration design

A

A cyclic design approach where each iteration is tested, evaluated and refined, resulting in a new iteration

78
Q

Jig

A

A custom-made tool designed to achieve accuracy, repeatability and interchangeability during product manufacture

79
Q

Just-in-time manufacturing

A

Manufacturing where items from suppliers and interchangeability during product manufacture

80
Q

Knitted

A

Made from yarn using interlocking loops

81
Q

Laminating

A

A finishing technique for paper and cardboards that is created by applying a plastic film to both sides of the material

82
Q

Laminating (Other materials)

A

Overlaying a flat object or sheet of material with a layer of protective material

83
Q

Layering

A

Adding multiple layers of material to a textile product to increase its strength

84
Q

Lean manufacturing

A

A systematic approach to eliminate all forms of waste in manufacturing

85
Q

Lever

A

A simple device that pivots about a fulcrum

86
Q

Life cycle assessment

A

A tool for systematically evaluating the environmental aspects of a product or system

87
Q

Line bending

A

A process that involves bending thermoplastic along a heated line

88
Q

Linear

A

Moving in a straight line

89
Q

Linkage

A

An assembly of parts used to transfer motion between two mechanisms, which can also change the direction or magnitude the force transmitted

90
Q

Malleable

A

Pliable, able to be pressed or forced into shaped without breaking

91
Q

Marketing

A

The act of promoting or advertising a product or system

92
Q

Mass production

A

Making the same product on a large scale

93
Q

Mathematical model

A

A representation of a product or system using mathematical formulae

94
Q

Microcontroller

A

A small computer on a chip that is designed for use in a control applications

95
Q

Moulding

A

Using a former to shape a material

96
Q

Nanomaterial

A

A material made up of particles that are less than 100 nm ( nanometres) in size

97
Q

Nanotechnology

A

Functional systems developed at the molecular or ‘nano’ scale

98
Q

Natural fibres

A

Fibres from sources such as animals and plants

99
Q

New and emerging technologies

A

Technologies that are new. currently being developed or that will be developed in the next 5-10 years

100
Q

Non-ferrous metals

A

Metal that does not contain iron

101
Q

Non-renewable energy source

A

An energy source that cannot replenish itself quickly and therefore will eventually run out

102
Q

Nuclear energy

A

Energy that is created by making use of highly controlled nuclear reactions, such as nuclear fission

103
Q

Offset lithography

A

A printing process for paper and boards

104
Q

One-off/bespoke production

A

Making a single product to a specific customer

105
Q

Oscillating

A

Swinging in alternative directions

106
Q

Output device

A

A device that turns an electronic signal into a real-world signal, such as light,sound or movement

107
Q

Overlocker

A

A specialised sewing machine used for joining fabrics

108
Q

Pattern

A

A type of template that is used to trace the shape of parts of a garment onto fabric before it is cut

109
Q

Perforation

A

A hole in the material

110
Q

Plasticity

A

The ability of a material to be shaped or moulded

111
Q

Pleating

A

Making a double or multiple fold in a textile product, held by stitching

112
Q

Polishing

A

A finishing technique used to protect and improve the aesthetics of metals and plastics

113
Q

Polymer

A

A material made from chains of a repeating chemical part called a monomer

114
Q

Pressing

A

Applying pressure to deform a product/material

115
Q

Process

A

Changes an electronic signal to create functions such as timing, latching and counting

116
Q

Pulley

A

A mechanism compromising two wheels linked by a belt; this transfers rotary motion and can also change the direction or magnitude of the force transmitted

117
Q

Punching

A

A wasting process that forces a tool through a material to create a hole

118
Q

Rapid prototyping

A

An additive manufacturing technology used to produce a 3D product in a single operation from a CAD model

119
Q

Reciprocating

A

Moving backwards and forwards

120
Q

Recycle

A

To reprocess or convert waste back into a useful material

121
Q

Reinforcing

A

Adding strength or stiffness to a product

122
Q

Rendering

A

Applying colour, shade and texture to a drawing to make it look more realistic

123
Q

Renewable energy source

A

A source that can replenish itself quickly and therefore will not run out

124
Q

Rotating

A

Turning in a circle

125
Q

Rotational moulding

A

A process used to shape polymer products

126
Q

Scale

A

The ratio of the size of a drawn object to the size of the object

127
Q

Self-finishing material

A

A material that it already manufactured with good surface finish

128
Q

Selvedge

A

An edge of a fabric that won’t fray

129
Q

Sewing

A

A method of joining fabrics by stitching with thread

130
Q

Shearing

A

A wasting process used to cut material

131
Q

Sketch modelling

A

Creating a 3D object from a 2D shape using CAD softwares

132
Q

Smart materials

A

Materials whose properties change as a result of external stimuli, such as heat or light or pressure

133
Q

Softwood

A

Wood from trees that maintain their foliage all year round

134
Q

Solar energy

A

Energy that is taken from the sun, typically by using solar panels to harness sunlight and convert it into electricity

135
Q

Soldering

A

A joining process for metals where a filler metal is melted to join parts together

136
Q

Stakeholder

A

A person or business interest in a product being designed and developed

137
Q

Standard Components

A

Common parts that are commercially available in specified sizes

138
Q

Stiffness

A

How rigid an object is

139
Q

Stock form

A

The shape of material commonly available from a supplier

140
Q

Strength

A

The ability of a material to withstand a force that is applied to it

141
Q

Superalloy

A

A metal alloy that can withstand exceptional temperature, stresses or corrosive environments

142
Q

Sustainable

A

Naturally replenished within a short period of time

143
Q

Sustainable development

A

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs

144
Q

Synthetic

A

made by people; not natural

145
Q

Synthetic fibres

A

Human-made fibres; typically from fossil fuels

146
Q

Systems-based approach

A

A top-down design approach that starts with an overview of the overall system in terms of its input, process and output subsystems

147
Q

Technical textile

A

Fabric made for its performance properties rather than aesthetic characteristics

148
Q

Template

A

Used to draw a shape onto material which can then be cut around

149
Q

Thermal conductivity

A

The ability of heat to pass through a material

150
Q

Thermoplastic polymer

A

A polymer that can be reshaped when it is heated

151
Q

Thermosetting polymer

A

A polymer that will not change its shape when it is heated

152
Q

Toile

A

An early version of a piece of clothing, usually made from cheap materials

153
Q

Tolerance

A

The permissible limits of variation in the dimensions or physical properties of a manufactured product or part

154
Q

Toughness

A

The ability of a material to absorb an impact without rupturing

155
Q

Triangulation

A

Dividing a structure into triangles to reinforce it

156
Q

Turning

A

Using lathe to create a product with a round profile by wasting

157
Q

User-centred design

A

A design approach where the needs and wants of the end user are considered extensively at each stage of the design process

158
Q

Vacuum forming

A

A process where heated plastic is formed onto a mould using a vacuum

159
Q

Varnishing

A

A finishing technique for timber where varnish is applied to protect the wood underneath

160
Q

Veneer

A

A thin layer of wood

161
Q

Viability

A

When a product is not only purchased initially, but performs well enough for it to be recommended to others, and for sales to continue

162
Q

Wasting

A

Removal of a material

163
Q

Welding

A

A joining process for metals where the parts are melted along the joint line by heat

164
Q

Wind energy

A

Energy that is taken from the wind, typically by using wind turbines to generate electricity

165
Q

Woven

A

Made from interlaced threads

166
Q

Yarn

A

Spun and twisted thread made from fibres

Design and Technology (1 decks)

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