key words

Question 1

suburbanisation

Answer 1

the movement from central homes to the outer edges

Question 2

urban sprawl

Answer 2

the spread of an urban area to the countryside around it

Question 3

green belt

Answer 3

open spaces around cities where development is no longer allowed

Question 4

municipal housing

Answer 4

housing which is built and owned by the government

Question 5

rural-urban fringe

Answer 5

the transition zone where rural and urban uses mix and often clash

Question 6

counterurbanisation

Answer 6

movement from homes in the urban area to homes in smaller towns and villages

Question 7

greenfield

Answer 7

previously undeveloped sites then used to commercial development

Question 8

brown field

Answer 8

previously developed sites for potential bulding ( queen Victoria Olympic park is an example)

Question 9

functional zonation

Answer 9

dividing land up by its use or function for example residential use, recreational use or educational use

Question 10

bid rent model

Answer 10

curtain uses have curtain amounts of utility attached to the land. for example the use of commercial, has more utility attached to an area of land within or close to the CBD than manufacturing land use would. Manufacturing may have more utility attached to an area closer to a port or distribution centre.

Commercial are able tp outbid other uses like residential as they have and ern the most money out of most of the uses.

Question 11

issues with suburbanisation

Answer 11

increased car use
socioeconomic segregation, those on higher includes move to the outer edges (have cars, can afford transportation, bigger houses)
inadequate facilities in suburban areas scubas entertainment or shops

Question 12

why has the urban area DECLINED

Answer 12

increased car ownership

city centres perceived as being dangerous and high crime rates

congestion reduces accessibility

higher pollution levels in city areas

worsens as people move out of the areas as some decline and become unattractive with poor infrastructure

development of retail parks scubas fosse park, drag people away from the inner city area

Question 13

residential seggregation

Answer 13

seggregation of where curtain groups live based on

race/ethnicity
age
income

Question 14

income

Answer 14

HIC families live in areas where other HIC families live, usually in suburban areas where car use is frequent and use of public transport is at high costs.. Higher house prices indicate nicer areas and therefore attract weather people.
Hic families have a. wide range of choice whereas lower income families have limited choice, usually in worse areas.

Question 15

AGE

Answer 15

as people develop in the family cycle, priorities wants and needs change. Elderly may want a bungalows whereas younger people may require a flat as a first home and within the inner city area as it matches their needs.
Younger may not get on the property ladder quickly enough- still with family or in worse areas.

Question 16

RACE/ ETHNICITY

Answer 16

People who migrate move to areas where their culture, food, celebrations are practiced. People often move where their family and friends are.

Landlords a=can come tires racially segregate through racism nd forcing a particular race or ethnicity out of an area.

This can also be forced by the government (SA) where different areas were allocated to whites and others to blacks - institutionalised racial segregation in 1940.

Question 17

renewal

Answer 17

this is the redevelopment of areas within a large city

benefits-
reduce pollution
attract skilled workrs
attract people back into the city- spend money locally and reboost the local economy

Question 18

renewal negatives

Answer 18

may create a loss of historic culture
increase in house prices

renewal is costly

FRICTION BETWEEN GROUPS

change in population structure

risk of pollution increase

Question 19

re urbanisation

Answer 19

the movement of people back into an urban area

Question 20

renewal= reurbanisation. why

Answer 20

meet housing targets

population pressure

attracts skilled workers

improvement

Question 21

rural settlements push factors

Answer 21

low provision of services

lack of employment opportunities

transport issues= car owner ship increases

lack of affordable housing in rural settlements meaning younger people are forced out of these areas.

structural unemployments `(Sheffield steel sector)

rural-urban migrants can cause depopulation which worsens the service provision

Question 22

transport infrastructure for a city issues

Answer 22

increased car ownership as disposable incomes are rising= congestion

commuting workers cause rush hours

rush hours mean busses and trains are needed- only needed when there is rush hours

people visit the CBD for shopping and food, Saturdays are particularly busy

Question 23

SOLUTIONS - CASE STUDY

Answer 23

curitiba

Question 24

curitiba factors leading to needing a solution

Answer 24

rapid population growth

government wanted to stimulate economic growth

many delays and congestion was a issue

periods of hyper-inflation discouraged development of roads

Question 25

features of the bus system

Answer 25

dedicated bus lanes

wide doors on busses

one fair payed before entry

board and exit simultaneously

elevated undercover platforms ro get on the busses

biofuel busses

colour coded busses
2.4 million passengers a day

Question 26

issues

Answer 26

cost issues meant the frequency of the busses was reduced

overcrowding can cause difficulty

frequent traffic jams still

cycles integrating into the system brought an issue