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Buddhism > Key Word > Flashcards

Key Word Flashcards

1
Q

Ahimsa

A
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2
Q

Angkor Wat

A

– Temple built by a Khmer (Cambodia) king in the early 12 th century
– Elements of Hinduism and Buddhism existing in historical layers
– Today a UNESCO heritage site

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3
Q

Aung San Suu Kyi

A
  • Buddhist pro-democracy advocate
  • Daughter of a famous general = popular support
  • Was living in England but returned to Myanmar in 1988 to support pro-
    democracy movement
  • Placed under house arrest in 1989 (released in 2010).
  • Nobel Peace Prize in 1991
  • Brings together Buddhist principles with modern democratic values
  • Buddhism outside of the monastery, a powerful force in the political life
  • Buddhism as a living tradition
  • 2015 – her political party wins the general election = becomes a civilian
    leader
  • 2017 – Myanmar army accused of ethnic cleansing against Muslim
    minorities in the country – Aung San Suu Kyi denied the accusation
  • 2021 – military takes over Myanmar (again) - Aung San Suu Kyi and other leaders under military supervision
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4
Q

Bon Dance (Obon)

A
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5
Q

Buddhaghosa

A
  • A famous commentator on the Pali Canon (4 th century, originally from
    India)
  • The name literally meaning “Buddha utterance”
  • The most famous work, Path of Purification (early teachings on
    meditation).
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6
Q

Buddhist Churches of America

A
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7
Q

Buddhist Peace Fellowship

A
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8
Q

Chan

A
  • Chan means “meditation”
  • Meditation School
  • Eventually becomes Zen in Japan
  • Direct person-to-person transmission of teaching.
  • Emphasis on the experience of enlightenment over the textual study of scriptures.
  • Bodhidharma (460-534 CE) – Indian meditation master
    o Chan Lineage starts with Bodhidharma
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9
Q

Confucianism

A

– Based on the teachings of Confucius (551–479 BCE)
– Emphasis on filial piety, ritual propriety, proper decorum in relationships with others.
– Highly influential in East Asia
– Confucian view of the world
* Emphasis on the harmonious relationship between heaven, earth, and human society
* Emperor stood at the center of this relationship
* Observed prescribed rituals, embody moral virtues, etc.

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10
Q

Dalai Lama

A
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11
Q

Dana

A
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12
Q

Dogen

A
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13
Q

Faxiang

A
  • The Chinese Yogacara school
  • The name literally means “Marks of the Dharma ” – influenced by Vasubandhu
  • Organized by the monk Xuanzang
  • Xuanzang (596–664)
  • Traveled to India to collect sutras
  • Translated many sutras into Chinese
  • Later featured in the epic “Journey to the West
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14
Q

Five Precepts

A
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15
Q

Gelug

A
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16
Q

Honen

A

o Concern for the “Degenerate Age of the Dharma” (mappo)
o The only way to enlightenment = faith in Amida
o Emphasis on Nembutsu (Namu Amida butsu)

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17
Q

Hsi Lai Temple

A
18
Q

Huineng

A

o “Platform Sutra of the Six Patriarch”
* Studied under a famous Chan master Hongren 弘忍 (601-674 CE), the Fifth Patriarch.
* Hongren holds a competition to decide his successor – write a verse that expresses your understanding of enlightenment.
* Shenxiu (606-706 CE)
o “The body is the tree of perfect wisdom. The mind is the stand of a bright mirror. At all times, diligently wipe it. Do not allow it to become dusty.”
* Huineng’s verse
o “Fundamentally perfect wisdom has no tree. Nor has the bright mirror any stand. Buddha Nature is forever clear and pure. Where is there any dust?”
* Huineng wins the competition

19
Q

Jingtu

A
  • Pure Land School
  • Emphasis on the devotion to Amitabha
  • Popular among the common people
  • Hope for future salvation (birth in Amitabha’s Pure Land)
20
Q

Kami

A

native gods, spirits in nature, ancestors, emperor

21
Q

Mahinda

A
22
Q

Marpa

A
23
Q

Milarepa

A
24
Q

Mongkut

A

– A modernizing force of the Thai sangha
– Led a movement called the “Thammayut order” (“those holding to the Law”)
* Emphasized strict observance of the Vinaya precepts
* Presented Buddhism as a rational, scientific religion by getting rid of its “superstitious” and “irrational” elements (magical beliefs,
rituals, etc.)

25
Q

Nichiren

A

o The founder of Nichiren School
o Claimed that the Lotus Sutra was the only way to salvation
o “Namu myoho rengekyo”
o Claimed that Japan would be invaded by “foreign bandits” unless the Lotus Sutra was honored–Mongol Invasions (1274 and 1281)
o Some thought Nichiren predicted the Mongol Invasions
o “Kamikaze” – “divine winds” that protected Japan from the Mongols

26
Q

Orientalism

A
27
Q

Padmasambhava

A
28
Q

Pali Canon

A
  • Collection of scriptures for the Theravada school (established in Sri Lanka
    in the 1 st century B.C.E)
  • Clear organizations of texts among Sutra, Vinaya, and Abhidharma
  • Contains the earliest accounts of the historical Buddha
  • Marks Buddhism’s transition from oral to written tradition
  • In some Southeast Asian countries, the study of Pali still mandatory for
    monks
  • Some keep alive the oral tradition
29
Q

Prince Shotoku

A
30
Q

Sanlun

A
  • The Chinese Madhyamika school
  • The name literally means “Three Treatises” – based on three major Madhyamika texts – heavily influenced by Nagarjuna
  • Established in China by Kumarajiva (344-413CE)
31
Q

Scholar-Practitioner

A
32
Q

Shingon

A

– Shingon means “True Word “ (mantra)
– Founded by Kukai (774-835, also known as Kobo Daishi) – traveled to China to study Buddhism
– Studied Tantric Buddhism in China
– Kukai brought Tantra to Japan and established it as the Shingon School
– Monastery on Mt. Koya
– Esoteric (tantric) rituals popular at the court
– Goma Fire Ritual

33
Q

Shinran

A

o A disciple of Honen
o Expanded upon Honen’s teachings.
o Founder of “True Pure Land” denomination (separate from Honen’s denomination)
o Reliance on the “other power” (tariki), as opposed to “self-power” (jiriki)
o Largest Buddhist denomination in Japan today

34
Q

Shinto

A
35
Q

Sila

A
36
Q

Sohei

A
37
Q

Soka Gakkai

A

o One of Japan’s (many) new religions (Name literally means “Society for the Creation of Value”)
o Based on the teachings of Nichiren
o Daimoku – reciting the name of the Lotus Sutra (Namu myoho rengekyo)
o Soka Gakkai connected to the political party “Komeito”
o Soka Gakkai members very active during election cycles.
o One of the most active and influential new religions today.

38
Q

Taoism

A

– Based on the teachings of Laozi (???)
– Emphasis on inner contemplation, spontaneity, and union with nature.
– Quest for immortality.
– Tao (Dao)
* Literally, the “Way,” “Path”
* Underlying essence of all reality
* Outlined in the central Taoist text called Daodejing.

39
Q

Tendai

A

– Founded by Saicho (762-822, Dengyo Daishi)
– Japanese version of the Tiantai School (founded by Zhiyi)
– Saicho studied in China on Mt. Tiantai
– Stressed the importance of the Lotus Sutra
– Buddhism and the Emperor
* Mutual dependence between Buddhist establishments and the Japanese state (the state supports the sangha and the sangha legitimizes the state).
– Mt. Hiei – the foundation of many later schools of Buddhism

40
Q

Thich Nhat Hanh

A

– Peace activist since Vietnam War
– Engaged in antiwar activities
* Rebuilding bombed villages, establishing clinics, providing
assistance to farmers, etc.
– Exiled from Vietnam (lived in France mainly)
– Holds meditation retreats for Vietnamese refugees and American Vietnam veterans
– Example of “engaged Buddhism”

41
Q

Tiantai

A
  • Literally “Heavenly Terrace,” named after the mountain on which the school was found.
  • Organized by Zhiyi 智顗 (531-597)
  • Developed a system of classification of Buddhist teachings
  • The Lotus Sutra is the ultimate teaching

Buddhism (1 decks)

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