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Church in England 1529-1570 > Key vocabulary > Flashcards

Key vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

What does “simony” mean?

A

The buying and selling of ecclesiastical privileges, such as pardons or benefices

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2
Q

What is transubstantiation?

A

The miracle performed in the Catholic Mass which transforms the wine and bread

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3
Q

What is pluralism?

A

Holding more than one ecclesiastical office

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4
Q

What is the definition of a martyr?

A

A person killed for their religious beliefs

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5
Q

What was the Privy Council?

A

A group of advisors chosen to help the monarch with governing the country

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6
Q

What is the clergy?

A

All those responsible for the running of the Church and taking church services

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7
Q

What was an abbey?

A

A large rural monastic house

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8
Q

What was a monastery?

A

A small rural monastic house

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9
Q

What was a priory?

A

An urban monastic house

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10
Q

What does Renaissance mean?

A

Re-birth

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11
Q

What was the laity?

A

people who were not members of the clergy

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12
Q

What were the secular clergy?

A

Clergy who provided religious services to the laity (e.g. parish priests)

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13
Q

What was the job of the Chancellor?

A

The senior politician responsible for law and order in England.

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14
Q

What was legatus a latere?

A

The Pope appointed people to act on his behalf

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15
Q

What does it mean to excommunicate?

A

To cast out of the Church and the salvation it offered. To condemn to Hell for all eternity after death.

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16
Q

What is the liturgy?

A

The form of services held in the Church

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17
Q

What is the Vulgate of St Jerome better known as?

A

The Latin Vulgate Bible

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18
Q

What does sola fide mean?

A

Salvation by faith alone

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19
Q

What is the tithe?

A

One-tenth of a person’s income paid to the Church annually

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20
Q

What is heresy?

A

Holding beliefs which contradicted the doctrine of the Catholic Church

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21
Q

What is a chantry?

A

A payment for the singing of masses for the soul of the founder of the chantry

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22
Q

What is original sin?

A

The sin which everyone is born with because of the sins of Adam and Eve

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23
Q

What is purgatory?

A

The place where souls suffer to make them pure enough to enter Heaven

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24
Q

What is the Mass?

A

The most important service in the Catholic Church, where the miracle of transubstantiation takes place

25
Q

What was confession?

A

The laity had to tell the priest of their sins before they could partake in the Eucharist.

26
Q

What was predestination?

A

The belief that a person’s soul was destined to go to heaven or hell before Adam and Eve were expelled from the garden of Eden

27
Q

What was the Royal Supremacy?

A

The idea that the monarch was responsible for the Church in his own land, rather than the Pope.

28
Q

What was Humanism?

A

An intellectual movement seeking to return to original texts of the Bible to further their understanding of scripture

29
Q

What does Ad Fontes mean?

A

Back to the sources

30
Q

What is ‘free will’?

A

God granted mankind the right to choose and make decisions.

31
Q

What is anti-clericalism?

A

Criticisms of the behaviour of the clergy and practices of the Church

32
Q

What is an annulment?

A

The dissolution of a marriage because it had never been valid

33
Q

What does ‘consummated’ mean?

A

For a marriage to be valid, the husband and wife needed to have sexual intercourse

34
Q

What is probate?

A

A legal process to list the possessions of an individual when they died, enabling the goods to be passed to another

35
Q

What is praemunire?

A

To appeal to a power outside the realm for a resolution of a problem which was under the jurisdiction of the Crown

36
Q

What are Annates?

A

A payment from English bishops to Rome from their first year’s income from their diocese

37
Q

What was the Collectanea Statis Copiosa?

A

A collection of historical documents compiled to prove that kings of England had no superiors on earth (including the Pope)

38
Q

What is a statute?

A

An Act of Parliament

39
Q

What is a see?

A

This was the area for which a bishop was responsible

40
Q

What is Pentecost?

A

The day when the followers of Christ had received the Holy Spirit

41
Q

What is a ‘chasuble’?

A

An outer vestment worn by a Catholic priest for celebrating the Mass

42
Q

What was the Black Rubric?

A

A late addition to the 1552 Book of Common Prayer, enforced by Edward VI himself, stating that kneeling for communion was for ‘the sake of good order’, not for idolatry. Removed from the 1559 Book.

43
Q

What was Anabaptism?

A

A religious sect which believed in predestination (they alone would ascend to Heaven, a decision made before the fall of Man in the Garden of Eden) and rejected the idea that the state had any control over the Church. Refused to pay tithes or swear loyalty to the monarch, and had been the instigators of anarchy in Munster, Germany.

44
Q

What was the Auld Allliance?

A

A series of agreements between France and Scotland, against England.

45
Q

What was the Bishop of Rome?

A

The name used for the Pope following the break with Rome. It was an insult.

46
Q

What was the ‘Commotion Time’?

A

The name given to the protests of 1549 across the country, including attacks on property

47
Q

What was conformism?

A

During Elizabeth I’s reign (up to 1570) many Catholics outwardly conformed to the Church of England while privately maintaining their own beliefs

48
Q

What was a ‘church protestant’?

A

A Catholic who attended Church of England services but maintained their faith privately; a conformist.

49
Q

What is ‘consubstantiation’?

A

Especially common in Lutheranism, the belief that the bread and wine co-exists with the body and blood of Christ during the Eucharist

50
Q

What was a Great Rood?

A

The most striking feature of a Catholic Church, it was a lavishly decorated crucifix, attached to a rood screen separating the nave and the chancel

51
Q

What does Erastian mean?

A

When the Head of State is also the Head of the Church

52
Q

What was a recusant?

A

A Catholic who refused to attend Anglican services. During Elizabeth’s early reign, recusants had to pay one shilling for non-attendance on Sundays and Holy Days

53
Q

What was a prebendary?

A

Clergy who were supported by a portion of the money owed to the Cathedral

54
Q

What is a pyx?

A

The receptacle used to hold the consecrated Host after the Mass has taken place. Usually hung over the High Altar unless the Host was being taken to those who were not capable of attending church. Made of precious metal.

55
Q

What was the sacring bell?

A

A bell or series of bells rung when the transubstantiation miracle took place at Mass. It could be rung during other sacral moments, e.g. Last rites

56
Q

What was the Devyse for the Succession?

A

Document drawn up in Edward VI’s own hand specifying who his heir should be. Bypassed Mary and Elizabeth, who’d been named in the Third Act of Succession and in Henry VIII’s will, and gave the crown to Lady Jane Grey (at the last minute - it started as her ‘heirs males.’) It wasn’t legally binding.

57
Q

What was a Huguenot?

A

A member of the Protestant Reformed Church of France

58
Q

What was a proclamation?

A

An order issued in the name of the King, to be regarded as having the same authority as an Act of Parliament. They were supposed to be ratified or rejected by Parliament in the subsequent session

59
Q

What was an Injunction?

A

An instruction issued to parish churches to ensure conformity

Church in England 1529-1570 (3 decks)

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