Key Vocabulary

Question 1

Define receptor

Answer 1

detects changes in the environment

Question 2

Define control centre

Answer 2

responds to the commands

Question 3

Define effector.

Answer 3

carries out action based on commands- usually a message sent out long a neurone or a hormone sent out in the blood.

Question 4

Define stimulus

Answer 4

a change in the environment

Question 5

What is negative feedback?

Answer 5

a reaction in which the system responds in such a way as to reverse the direction of change

Question 6

Two hormones are responsible for controlling the concentration of glucose in the blood.

Answer 6

insulin and glucagon.

Question 7

Regulating blood glucose levels is important because

Answer 7

Several important tissues in the body (eg brain) can only use glucose
Body needs glucose all the time but one cannot eat all the time
High levels of glucose in the bloodstream over a long term are dangerous

Question 8

The stimulus for glucose regulation

Answer 8

Change in glucose levels in the blood

Question 9

Glucose receptors are

Answer 9

(alpha and beta cells) of the pancreas

Question 10

The Glucose control centre is….

Answer 10

Pancreas- alpha and beta cells

Question 11

The Glucose effectors are….

Answer 11

Alpha cells in the pancreas release glucagon if glucose levels are low.
Beta cells in the pancreas release insulin if glucose levels are high.

Question 12

What do the vesicles in the beta and alpha cells do?

Answer 12

fuses with the membrane and releases the hormones into the blood.

Question 13

What are GLUTS- glucose transporters?

Answer 13

Protein channels that allow the glucose to cross the membrane

Question 14

Glucagon is..

Answer 14

A hormone that promotes the release of glucose into the blood by the liver.

Question 15

Glucose Transporters are..

Answer 15

Membrane proteins that carries out facilitated diffusion of glucose into cells.

Question 16

Glycogen is..

Answer 16

Polysaccharide stored in liver and muscle, This stored form of glucose is made up of many connected glucose molecules and is called glycogen..

Question 17

Gluconeogenesis is..

Answer 17

Formation of glucose from excess amino acids, fats and other noncarbohydrate sources

Question 18

A Hormone is…

Answer 18

A chemical secreted into the blood, changing the activity of cells in other parts of the body, a chemical messenger

Question 19

Insulin is…

Answer 19

Hormone that promotes the utilisation of glucose and hence the reduction of its blood concentration.

Question 20

The response if sugar is too high

Answer 20

If the liver cells receive insulin from the pancreas they convert glucose to glycogen.
Muscle and Fat cells have GLUTS put into the membrane so they can take sugar in.

Question 21

The response if sugar is too low

Answer 21

If the liver cells receive glucagon from the pancreas they convert glycogen to glucose.
Muscle and Fat cells have the GLUTS removed so sugar stays in the blood.