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Apush Unit 10 > Key Vocab > Flashcards

Key Vocab Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q

Taft Hartley Act

A

Anti-labor law, imposing 80 day waiting period for strikes, banned closed shop (enforces people to join a labor union)

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2
Q

House Un-American Activities Committee

A

Investigate possible communist organizations within the US, targeted filmmakers who were suspected of spreading communist

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3
Q

McCarthyism and Army-McCarthy Hearings

A

Communist hysteria spread, McCarthy criticizes the US Army on national television which leads to his downfall

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4
Q

Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg

A

Well-known critics of the conformity of that era, challenged the clean, white, suburban culture that was romanticised

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5
Q

Sulbelt

A

Most of the population shifted to the southeast/ west coast bc of climate and business

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6
Q

William Levitt

A

WWII construction engineer that applied mass production to housing, huge tracts of land used to put pre-bolted houses together. Neighborhoods built in weeks.

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7
Q

Suburbia

A

Mass shift of population from urban to suburban areas in the 50s. Took purchasing power and scattered it towards suburbs, urban areas now became poorer ethnic enclaves surrounded by rich white suburbs.

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8
Q

Sputnik and National Defense Education Act

A

Satellite that SU launched, Us govt program that inc STEM college funds

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9
Q

Eisenhower Interstate System

A

Domestic legislation, National Defense and HIghway System that connected major cities to military bases, accelerated move to suburbs

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10
Q

Jackie Robinson

A

1st AFrican American in professional baseball, baseball was a huge cultural marker, proved that racial integration is possible throughout the entirety of soceity

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11
Q

Truman’s desegregation of the military

A

Previously segregated military, Truman began to start integrating military forces after start of Korean War

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12
Q

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

A

Most significant organization for fighting for equal rights of black citizens throughout the 20th century

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13
Q

Brown v Board (1954)

A

Landmark case that overturned Plessy v Ferguson (seperate but equal), segregated schools were unconstitutional, proved that the US was looking into ending segregation on other fronts as well, however South said that they didn’t have to do it immediately

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14
Q

Rosa Parks

A

Refused to give up her seat to a white man and was arrested for it

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15
Q

Montgomery Bus Boycott

A

Over 50 k working class citizens boycotted transportation for over a year, MLK helped lead boycott

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16
Q

Martin Luther King Jr

A

Leader of movement from 55 to death.

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17
Q

Little Rock 9

A

First group of high schoolers to integrate into a white school

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18
Q

Southern Christian Leadership Council

A

Network of ministers in the south to mobilize congregations, MLK jr

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19
Q

Student Nonviolent Coordination Committee

A

Forms group of central protesters on school campuses

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20
Q

Greensboro, NC sit-ins

A

AA college students going into white only restaurants, get arrested, then another group would sit in again. It denied customers access to restaurants, giving them some insight to the rejection black people had to face because of segregation. Combined community power

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21
Q

Freedom Riders

A

North biracial college students going South to challenge segregated system. Brings nationwide attention to the racist system.

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22
Q

March on Washington (1963)

A

Follows violence in Birmingham, highlighted in the media, biracial public pressure on govt to change prejudiced system. “I have a dream” speech

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23
Q

Civil Rights Act (1964)

A

“Freedom Summer” after the passing of the Civil Rights Act. Banned racial discrimination in the workplace, but could not really be enforced besides through practice

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24
Q

Voting Rights Act (1965)

A

Eliminated poll taxes, literacy tests, and segregation in voting booths. Put fed govt in charge of election process.

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25
Q

Malcolm X

A

Militant leader of nation of Islam, advocated for aggressive resistance to white hostiliy. Rejected biracial

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26
Q

Black Panthers

A

Radically militant civil rights activist group, defense against white agitators, police. White Americans began to turn attention away from movement

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27
Q

Stokley Carmichael

A

Leader of SNCC, later dropped the non-violence part of it. Focused on job opporitunities, economic growth for black communites

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28
Q

Black Power

A

Expression of black pride, afros, African based names,

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29
Q

Supreme Court and Affirmative Action

A

Allowed race to be considered in job and school applications, but didn’t allow quotas

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30
Q

Tet Offensive

A

North attack on Southern Vietnam, increased protests on the American home front by college students. News reports made it look like the war was not successful

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31
Q

Election of 1968

A

Controversial bc of Civil Rights and VN War peak. Nixon won because of his “secret plan” to end the VN War, whereas the other candidates urged for its continuity

32
Q

Television and Vietnam

A

1st war captured by the media and television, access to front lines and info dominated the news, caused many to reflect on US’s stance on war

33
Q

Students for a Democratic Society and anti-Vietnam protests

A

VERY liberal movement on college campuses, flourished and developed the anti-war movement

34
Q

“Counter Culture” Movement

A

Hippies, challenged sexual conventions, open drug use, generational gap widened, protest music

35
Q

Kent State Shooting (OH)

A

Student-led protest against war turned violent, made it look like VN war was also being fought on the American homeffront

36
Q

Immigration trends 1965-present

A

Inc opened immigration policies, more people from SEA and Central/ South America

37
Q

Betty Friedan’s “The Feminine Mystique”

A

(1963) Sociologist that pushed for traditional gender roles to be re-established.

38
Q

Birth Control and Privicy

A

Contraceptives were illegal, 1965 said that States could not ban contraceptives for women

39
Q

National Organization for Women

A

Leading organization for women and spreading information to politicians for subjects such as childcare, reproductive rights

40
Q

Roe v Wade (1973)

A

States cannot deny women the right to an abortion during the 1st trimester

41
Q

Bakke v University of California

A

Affirmitive action is okay, not quotas

42
Q

The glass ceiling

A

Reference to women making tremendous gains in all American fields, except for politics and corporate boardrooms

43
Q

Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers

A

Labor leader of migrant Mexican American farmers, protest harmful chemicals used in farming that harmed workers, ultimately led to creation of bilingual eduacation

44
Q

Stonewall riots

A

Spark of gay rights movement, started from raid at gay bar, significantly improved pay pride and national recognition

45
Q

AIDS

A

Blood transfered disease that was associated with the LGBTQ+ community, led to new laws passed in support of gay rights

46
Q

Gays in the military

A

They could now serve in the military if they didn’t say it

47
Q

Obergefell v Hodges

A

Allowed for legalization of same sex marriage

48
Q

American Indian Movement

A

Anger amongst Native Americans because of their

49
Q

Graying of America

A

Demographic changes in US, puts significant pressure on Social Security because boomers are aging

50
Q

LBJ’s “Great Sociey” and “War on Poverty”

A

Lowered % of people in poverty with more housing, education. However, more military focus during Vietnam war means less expenditure on domestic issues.

51
Q

Medicare and Medicaid

A

Medicaid (people below poverty line), Medicare (Elderly monthly payments after 65). Government pays through funds from taxes. US spends more per person on health care globally w/o the same height of benefits

52
Q

Head Start

A

Pre-school program funded by the government to get more kids in school.

53
Q

Stagflation

A

Decreased GDP led to less employment and rise in prices. Difficult to take action on.

54
Q

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries oil embargo

A

After Yom Kippur War, oil shipments stopped going to the United States because of their support for Israel, caused stagflation

55
Q

Watergate

A

Presidential scandal with Nixon’s attempt to obstruct justice leading up to his resignation and pardon by Ford. He recorded people he was suspicious of being communist.

56
Q

United States v Nixon

A

Supreme Court argued that the president isn’t above the law and had to release transcripts recorded in White House.

57
Q

Ford’s pardon of Nixon

A

Pardoned Nixon’s crimes, Contributed to Ford’s inability to win re-eelction

58
Q

Three Mile Island

A

Near meltdown in PN that led to the derailing of the nuclear movement.

59
Q

Carter’s “National Malaise”

A

Suggested that US lost confidence in leaders, also led to Carter’s failure to secure re-election

60
Q

Reaganomics

A

Deregulation, push to relax rules on corporate America, savings and loan crisis, inc pollution, cheaper way for govt to go business. Trickle-down theory

61
Q

War on Drugs

A

Anti-drug movement after the downfall of hippie culture. against hard drugs, but also planned to keep the youth safer.

62
Q

Bush 1988 camapaign promise not to raise taxes

A

Push to agree to Republican values, better for businesses and cheaper for the govt to continue to run.

63
Q

Clintons and health care

A

Push for national health insurance but too expensive for fed govt to provide.

64
Q

Contract with America and Republican Revolution of 1994

A

Pledge to shrink size of govt, lessen taxes, free trade agreement (CA and MX),

65
Q

Welfare Reform Act (1996)

A

Took 5 million Americans off welfare roles

66
Q

Clinton Impeachment

A

Impeached after an alleged affair with a White House intern. Acquitted in Senate and retained high job approval ratings for the rest of his term

67
Q

1990s stock market boom

A

Fueled by technology and the internet creating inc. company productivity

68
Q

Election of 2000

A

Al Gore v Bush, George W. Bush wins election after stopping the recounting of Florida ballots. Controversy bc Gore was more popular

69
Q

Social Security reform (failed in 2005)

A

Tried to privatize system, tax money given back to americans to invest in trust funds, stocks, etc. Ultimately failed and rejected by Congress

70
Q

Medicare reform

A

Perscription drugs held under medicare

71
Q

Affordable Care Act

A

national health insurance going forward, businesses are required to provide healthcare, parents keeps children under healthcare until adulthood.

72
Q

Mapp v Ohio (1962)

A

Strengthens rights of accused: Evidence obtained illegally is NOT admissable in court.

73
Q

Baker v Carr (1962)

A

Mandates that states redraw district lines for equal apportionment, creates more political polarization across US

74
Q

Engel v Vitale (1962)

A

School-sponsored prayer is not costitutional

75
Q

Gideon v Wainwright (1963)

A

An attorney must be provided in all cases where a defendant cannot afford one.

76
Q

Tinker v Des Moines (1969)

A

Clarified free speech rights for students in school, students are protected as long as it doesn’t impose on learning.

77
Q

Miranda v Arizona (1966)

A

A suspect must be informed about their Miranda rights before the questioning.

Apush Unit 10 (1 decks)

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