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History Paper 3 > Key Topic 1 - America > Flashcards

Key Topic 1 - America Flashcards

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1
Q

What area of Canada did Britain gain from the ‘7 Years War’?

A

Quebec

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2
Q

How had America been governed since the 1600s?

A

Salutary neglect

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3
Q

Who could vote in America?

A

50-80% of white males

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4
Q

What did Americans vote for?

A

Legislative assemblies

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5
Q

What was one of the largest cities in 1770?

A

Boston

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6
Q

What was the population of Boston?

A

20,000

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7
Q

How many redcoats were stationed in Boston since 1768 to keep peace?

A

600

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8
Q

How many new citizens in Canada did Britain have?

A

80,000

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9
Q

How many people were needed in the defence force in America?

A

10,000

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10
Q

What was Britain’s annual national debt?

A

£4.4 million

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11
Q

What was the colonial administration fee?

A

£350,000 per year

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12
Q

When and what taxed sugar?

A

Sugar duties, 1764

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13
Q

When and what taxed printed materials?

A

Stamp Act, 1765

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14
Q

What was taxed in the Townshend Duties of 1767?

A

Glass, wine, China, lead, paint, paper, tea

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15
Q

What did colonists say about taxation?

A

‘No taxation without representation’

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16
Q

What was Boston like in 1770?

A

A powder keg - the hub of the coming revolution

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17
Q

What were frequent riots held against

A

British taxation - usually held on Thursdays (market day)

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18
Q

Who was Governor of Boston

A

Thomas Hutchinson

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19
Q

What happened to Hutchinson?

A

House was ransacked

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20
Q

What happened to those showing loyalty to the British?

A

Tarred and feathered

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21
Q

What happened on March 5th 1770?

A

Boston Massacre

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22
Q

Why did the Boston Massacre happen?

A

Customs House guards were attacked by men throwing snowballs and stones

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23
Q

How many died in the Massacre?

A

5

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24
Q

When were the years of calm?

A

1770-73

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25
Q

Which taxes were repealed due to the Massacre?

A

Townshend Duties and Stamp Act

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26
Q

Why was Union between the 13 colonies low during the years of calm?

A

Huge wealth divisions, religious divisions, virtual civil war in the Carolina’s between small farmers and Tidewater officials

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27
Q

What 3 groups was society split roughly into

A

Loyalist, apathetic, patriot

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28
Q

Which of the 3 groups was best at recruiting?

A

Patriots

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29
Q

When and who set up the Committee of Correspondence?

A

1771, Sam Adams

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30
Q

What was the Committee of Correspondence?

A

A system of letter sharing and news sharing that the British couldn’t control

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31
Q

What was taxed in 1773?

A

Tea

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32
Q

Why was tea taxed?

A

Partly to tax the colonies and partly to help the struggling East India Trading Company

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33
Q

What did the colonists do out of principle despite the tea tax being light?

A

Still preferred to buy smuggled tea out of principle

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34
Q

Where was the most intense defiance?

A

Boston

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35
Q

How many ships were carrying over £10,000 worth of tea?

A

3

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36
Q

When did the Boston Tea Party happen?

A

December 1773

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37
Q

How many members of what group boarded the ships in the Tea Party?

A

60 members of the Sons of Liberty

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38
Q

How many chests of tea were sunk?

A

342

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39
Q

How did Britain react?

A

Outraged, decided to try and isolate Boston

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40
Q

What was passed in retaliation to the Tea Party?

A

Coercive Acts

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41
Q

When were the Coercive Acts passed?

A

1774

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42
Q

What were the Coercive Acts?

A

1) Closure of the port of Boston until the tea was paid for
2) Hutchinson replaced with Gage, governor can appoint and dismiss officials
3) Murder trials held in England
4) Power to military commanders to quarter troops in private houses

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43
Q

How successful were British in isolating Boston?

A

Not successful at all, the Coercive Acts had the opposite effect. Galvanised the patriot support across America

44
Q

Where and when did the First Continental Congress meet?

A

Philadelphia, September 1774

45
Q

What did the Congress do?

A

Become the de facto government of the US, declare independence and finance the patriot army

46
Q

Which state was called upon to arm for defence?

A

Massachusetts

47
Q

What was set up to coordinate the colonists actions?

A

Committees of Safety

48
Q

How much of Massachusetts was under British control in 1775?

A

Just Boston - under General Gage

49
Q

How many troops did General Gage have?

A

4,000

50
Q

When did the British declare Massachusetts to be in a state of rebellion?

A

February 1775

51
Q

When did British troops march from Boston to Concord?

A

April 18th 1775

52
Q

What was the British secret mission (why they were heading to Concord)

A

To seize stockpiled arms

53
Q

Who sounded the alarm for the patriots “The British are coming”

A

Paul Revere

54
Q

What was the patriots reaction to Revere’s alarm?

A

Colonial militiamen began mobilising to intercept the redcoats

55
Q

Where did the Redcoats and Patriots confront? (Where was the shot heard around the world fired from?)

A

Lexington town green

56
Q

What happened in Lexington?

A

British were soon retreating under fire

57
Q

What were the British casualties from Lexington and Concord?

A

273, with 73 killed

58
Q

What were the patriot casualties from Lexington and Concord?

A

88, with 39 killed

59
Q

How many colonial militia surrounded Boston after the Battle of Lexington and Concord?

A

20,000

60
Q

When did Bunker Hill happen?

A

17th June 1775

61
Q

What hill did the Battle of Bunker Hill take place on?

A

Breed’s Hill

62
Q

How close were the Redcoats to the Americans before musket fire began?

A

40 yards

63
Q

How many times did the Americans hold the British back?

A

3 times

64
Q

What happened when the British reached the top of Breed’s Hill?

A

Hand-to-hand combat and American retreat

65
Q

Who led the British in the Battle of Bunker Hill?

A

British General William Howe

66
Q

Despite losing the Battle of Bunker Hill, how did American casualties compare to the British casualties?

A

The Americans lost less than half of what the British lost

67
Q

Of the 2500 British in the Battle of Bunker Hill, how many became casualties?

A

More than 1000

68
Q

Who did Congress elect as commander of the Continental Army in June 1775?

A

George Washington

69
Q

How much was Washington paid for being commander of the army?

A

$500 per month for pay and expenses

70
Q

How did Congress deal with the costs of the war?

A

They issued paper money

71
Q

Why was the Olive Branch Petition created in July 1775?

A

Because many Americans (moderates) didn’t want to break away forever from Great Britain and still believed that an agreement could be made with the King

72
Q

How did the more radical faction react to the moderates?

A

Let the moderates have their way as they knew the petition would be rejected - also hoped it would get more moderates onto the radical side

73
Q

Who was the petition addressed to?

A

King George III

74
Q

Who did the Americans blame in the petition for the war?

A

Parliament and Governors

75
Q

When did the King respond?

A

August 1775

76
Q

How did the King react to the Olive Branch Petition?

A

Rejected it and declared the 13 colonies to be in open rebellion

77
Q

What effect did the rejection of the petition have on the Americans?

A

Made more unsure Americans become committed Patriots

78
Q

Why did Congress consult the different states between 1775-76?

A

To gradually build up a case for independence

79
Q

What pamphlet argued that compromise with Britain was now impossible?

A

Common Sense

80
Q

Who wrote Common Sense?

A

Thomas Paine

81
Q

When did Common Sense get published?

A

January 1776

82
Q

How many copies of Common Sense were sold quickly?

A

12,000

83
Q

What did Common Sense argue?

A

Reconciliation was no longer possible and the Americans should establish a new and fairer system of government

84
Q

Where did Washington besiege in March 1776?

A

Boston

85
Q

Where were the British forces to withdraw to after the besiege of Boston in March 1776?

A

Nova Scotia

86
Q

When did Congress appoint the committee to write a Declaration of Independence?

A

June 11th 1776

87
Q

Who was on the committee to write the Declaration of Independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson
John Adams
Benjamin Franklin
Robert Livingston
Roger Sherman

88
Q

Who’s ideas of Enlightenment did Jefferson take inspiration from?

A

John Locke

89
Q

What did John Locke believe?

A

People are born with natural rights: life Liberty, and property

If governments interfere with these rights, the people have the right to overthrow them

90
Q

What are the 4 parts to the Declaration of Independence?

A

Preamble
Declaration of Natural Rights
List of Grievances
Resolution of Independence

91
Q

What is the Preamble’s purpose?

A

Explains why the Continental Congress wrote the Declaration of Independence

92
Q

When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another …a decent respect of opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to separate

A

When it is necessary for people to separate from their government, these people need to tell others the reasons why they are separating

93
Q

What is the Declaration of Natural Rights?

A

Lists the rights of citizens

Explains that in a republic, the government is there to protect the rights of the people, not take them away

94
Q

What does Jefferson call the Natural Rights?

A

‘Unalienable’ rights, which means they can never be taken away

95
Q

What does the Declaration of Natural Rights say?

A

We hold these truths to be self evident that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness

96
Q

What group of people are the only ones mentioned in the Declaration of Independence?

A

White men

97
Q

What is the List of Grievances?

A

List of the colonist’s complaints with England

Specifically blame King George III

98
Q

How many Grievances are in the Declaration of Independence?

A

28

99
Q

What is the Resolution of Independence?

A

Declares that the colonies are “Free and Independent States”

Includes the signatures of the signers of the Declaration of Independence

100
Q

Who was first to sign the Declaration of Independence?

A

John Hancock

101
Q

When did John Hancock sign the Declaration of Independence?

A

August 2nd 1776

102
Q

Why did John Hancock sign the Declaration of Independence first?

A

He was President of the Second Continental Congress

103
Q

How many signers of the Declaration of Independence were there?

A

56

104
Q

What crime was signing the Declaration of Independence?

A

Treason - Punishable by death

105
Q

When was the Declaration of Independence ratified and adopted by Congress?

A

July 4th 1776

106
Q

When did Congress engross the Declaration of Independence on parchment and begin signing?

A

August 2nd 1776

107
Q

How much debt was Britain in after the 7 Years War?

A

£8 million

History Paper 3 (1 decks)

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